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意大利东北部特里维内托卒中单元对缺血性卒中的急性血管再通治疗:治疗时间与功能结局

Acute revascularization treatments for ischemic stroke in the Stroke Units of Triveneto, northeast Italy: time to treatment and functional outcomes.

作者信息

Cappellari Manuel, Bonetti Bruno, Forlivesi Stefano, Sajeva Giulia, Naccarato Marcello, Caruso Paola, Lorenzut Simone, Merlino Giovanni, Viaro Federica, Pieroni Alessio, Giometto Bruno, Bignamini Valeria, Perini Francesco, De Boni Antonella, Morra Michele, Critelli Adriana, Tamborino Carmine, Tonello Simone, Guidoni Silvia Vittoria, L'Erario Roberto, Russo Monia, Burlina Alessandro, Turinese Emanuele, Passadore Paolo, Zanet Luca, Polo Alberto, Turazzini Michelangelo, Basile Anna Maria, Atzori Matteo, Marini Bruno, Bruno Martina, Carella Simona, Campagnaro Alessandro, Baldi Antonio, Corazza Elisa, Zanette Giampietro, Idone Domenico, Gaudenzi Anna, Bombardi Roberto, Cadaldini Morena, Lanzafame Salvatore, Ferracci Franco, Zambito Sandro, Ruzza Giampietro, Simonetto Marco, Menegazzo Elisabetta, Masato Maela, Padoan Roberta, Bozzato Giulio, Paladin Francesco, Tonon Agnese, Bovi Paolo

机构信息

Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.

USD Stroke Unit, DAI Di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.

出版信息

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021 Jan;51(1):159-167. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02142-3.

Abstract

It is not known whether the current territorial organization for acute revascularization treatments in ischemic stroke patients guarantees similar time to treatment and functional outcomes among different levels of institutional stroke care. We aimed to assess the impact of time to treatment on functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) alone, bridging (IVT plus thrombectomy), or primary thrombectomy in level 1 and level 2 Stroke Units (SUs) in Triveneto, a geographical macroarea in Northeast of Italy. We conducted an analysis of data prospectively collected from 512 consecutive ischemic stroke patients who received IVT and/or mechanical thrombectomy in 25 SUs from September 17th to December 9th 2018. The favorable outcome measures were mRS score 0-1 and 0-2 at 3 months. The unfavorable outcome measures were mRS score 3-5 and death at 3 months. We estimated separately the possible association of each variable for time to treatment (onset-to-door, door-to-needle, onset-to-needle, door-to-groin puncture, needle-to-groin puncture, and onset-to-groin puncture) with 3-month outcome measures by calculating the odds ratios (ORs) with two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for pre-defined variables and variables with a probability value ≤ 0.10 in the univariate analysis for each outcome measure. Distribution of acute revascularization treatments was different between level 1 and level 2 SUs (p < 0.001). Among 182 patients admitted to level 1 SUs (n = 16), treatments were IVT alone in 164 (90.1%), bridging in 12 (6.6%), and primary thrombectomy in 6 (3.3%) patients. Among 330 patients admitted to level 2 SUs (n = 9), treatments were IVT alone in 219 (66.4%), bridging in 74 (22.4%), and primary thrombectomy in 37 (11.2%) patients. Rates of excellent outcome (51.4% vs 45.9%), favorable outcome (60.1% vs 58.7%), unfavorable outcome (33.3% vs 33.8%), and death (9.8% vs 11.3%) at 3 months were similar between level 1 and 2 SUs. No significant association was found between time to IVT alone (onset-to-door, door-to-needle, and onset-to-needle) and functional outcomes. After adjustment, door-to-needle time ≤ 60 min (OR 4.005, 95% CI 1.232-13.016), shorter door-to-groin time (OR 0.991, 95% CI 0.983-0.999), shorter needle-to-groin time (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.975-0.997), and shorter onset-to-groin time (OR 0.994, 95% CI 0.988-1.000) were associated with mRS 0-1. Shorter door-to-groin time (OR 0.991, 95% CI 0.984-0.998), door-to-groin time ≤ 90 min (OR 12.146, 95% CI 2.193-67.280), shorter needle-to-groin time (OR 0.983, 95% CI 0.972-0.995), and shorter onset-to-groin time (OR 0.993, 95% CI 0.987-0.999) were associated with mRS 0-2. Longer door-to-groin time (OR 1.007, 95% CI 1.001-1.014) and longer needle-to-groin time (OR 1.019, 95% CI 1.005-1.034) were associated with mRS 3-5, while door-to-groin time ≤ 90 min (OR 0.229, 95% CI 0.065-0.808) was inversely associated with mRS 3-5. Longer onset-to-needle time (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.002-1.048) was associated with death. Times to treatment influenced the 3-month outcomes in patients treated with thrombectomy (bridging or primary). A revision of the current territorial organization for acute stroke treatments in Triveneto is needed to reduce transfer time and to increase the proportion of patients transferred from a level 1 SU to a level 2 SU to perform thrombectomy.

摘要

目前缺血性中风患者急性血运重建治疗的地域组织方式能否确保不同级别的机构性中风护理在治疗时间和功能结局方面相似,尚不清楚。我们旨在评估在意大利东北部一个地理大区特里维内托的1级和2级卒中单元(SUs)中,接受单纯静脉溶栓(IVT)、桥接治疗(IVT加血栓切除术)或直接血栓切除术的缺血性中风患者的治疗时间对功能结局的影响。我们对2018年9月17日至12月9日期间在25个SUs连续接受IVT和/或机械血栓切除术的512例缺血性中风患者的前瞻性收集数据进行了分析。良好结局指标为3个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分为0 - 1和0 - 2。不良结局指标为3个月时mRS评分为3 - 5和死亡。我们通过计算比值比(ORs)及双侧95%置信区间(CI),在对每个结局指标的预定义变量和单变量分析中概率值≤0.10的变量进行调整后,分别估计治疗时间的每个变量(发病至入院、入院至穿刺、发病至穿刺、入院至腹股沟穿刺、穿刺至腹股沟穿刺以及发病至腹股沟穿刺)与3个月结局指标之间的可能关联。1级和2级SUs之间急性血运重建治疗的分布不同(p < 0.001)。在入住1级SUs的182例患者(n = 16)中,164例(90.1%)接受单纯IVT治疗,12例(6.6%)接受桥接治疗,6例(3.3%)接受直接血栓切除术。在入住2级SUs的330例患者(n = 9)中,219例(66.4%)接受单纯IVT治疗,74例(22.4%)接受桥接治疗,37例(11.2%)接受直接血栓切除术。1级和2级SUs在3个月时的良好结局率(51.4%对45.9%)、有利结局率(60.1%对58.7%)、不良结局率(33.3%对33.8%)和死亡率(9.8%对11.3%)相似。未发现单纯IVT治疗时间(发病至入院、入院至穿刺和发病至穿刺)与功能结局之间存在显著关联。调整后,入院至穿刺时间≤60分钟(OR 4.005,95% CI 1.232 - 13.016)、较短的入院至腹股沟时间(OR 0.991,95% CI 0.983 - 0.999)、较短的穿刺至腹股沟时间(OR 0.986,95% CI 0.975 - 0.997)以及较短的发病至腹股沟时间(OR 0.994,95% CI 0.988 - 1.000)与mRS 0 - 1相关。较短的入院至腹股沟时间(OR 0.991,95% CI 0.984 - 0.998)、入院至腹股沟时间≤90分钟(OR 12.146,95% CI 2.193 - 67.280)、较短的穿刺至腹股沟时间(OR 0.983,95% CI 0.972 - 0.995)以及较短的发病至腹股沟时间(OR 0.993,95% CI 0.987 - 0.999)与mRS 0 - 2相关。较长的入院至腹股沟时间(OR 1.007,95% CI 1.001 - 1.014)和较长的穿刺至腹股沟时间(OR 1.019,95% CI 1.005 - 1.034)与mRS 3 - 5相关,而入院至腹股沟时间≤90分钟(OR 0.229,95% CI 0.065 - 0.808)与mRS 3 - 5呈负相关。较长的发病至穿刺时间(OR 1.025,95% CI 1.002 - 1.048)与死亡相关。治疗时间影响了接受血栓切除术(桥接或直接)患者的3个月结局。需要对特里维内托目前的急性中风治疗地域组织方式进行修订,以减少转运时间,并增加从1级SU转运至2级SU进行血栓切除术的患者比例。

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