Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Aug;84(8):1529-1540. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1762068. Epub 2020 May 21.
Biomineralization by living organisms are common phenomena observed everywhere. Molluskan shells are representative biominerals that have fine microstructures with controlled morphology, polymorph, and orientation of CaCO crystals. A few organic molecules involved in the biominerals play important roles in the formation of such microstructures. Analyses of structure-function relationships for matrix proteins in biominerals revealed that almost all matrix proteins have an acidic region for the binding of calcium ion in CaCO crystals and interaction domains for other organic molecules. On the other hand, biomineralization of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms were also investigated. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots containing cadmium were successfully synthesized by bacteria or a fungus. The analyses of components revealed that glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and lactic acids have key roles to synthesize the gold nanoparticle in as reductants and dispersants. These researches about biomineralization will give new insights for material and environmental sciences in the human society.
生物矿化是普遍存在的现象。软体动物壳是具有精细微观结构、可控形态、多晶型和 CaCO 晶体取向的代表性生物矿物。一些参与生物矿化的有机分子在这些微观结构的形成中起着重要作用。对生物矿化基质蛋白的结构-功能关系的分析表明，几乎所有的基质蛋白都有一个酸性区域，用于结合 CaCO 晶体中的钙离子和其他有机分子的相互作用域。另一方面，微生物介导的金属纳米粒子的生物矿化也得到了研究。细菌或真菌成功地合成了金纳米粒子和含有镉的量子点。成分分析表明，糖脂、寡糖和乳酸作为还原剂和分散剂，在合成 中的金纳米粒子中起关键作用。这些关于生物矿化的研究将为人类社会的材料和环境科学提供新的见解。
