Krbata Michal, Eckert Maros, Bartosova Lenka, Barenyi Igor, Majerik Jozef, Mikuš Pavol, Rendkova Petra
Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubcek University of Trenčín, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia.
Department of Political Science, Alexander Dubcek University of Trenčín, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia.
Materials (Basel). 2020 May 20;13(10):2359. doi: 10.3390/ma13102359.
Tool steels are used in stamping, shearing processes, and as cutting tools due to their good mechanical properties. During their working cycle, steels are subject to aggressive conditions such as heat stress, fatigue, and wear. In this paper, three tool steels, namely X153CrMoV12, X37CrMoV5-1, and X45NiCrMo4 were selected against two types of bearing balls, ZrO and X46Cr1. All measurements were performed on a UMT TriboLab universal tribometric instrument under dry conditions. The main objective of the experiment was to analyze and compare tool steel wear in contact with two kinds of bearing balls with a diameter of 4.76 mm. This evaluation is focused on the hardness, surface roughness, and microstructure of all samples and on the impact of the input parameters on the resulting wear. All three types of tool steels were measured in the basic annealed state and, subsequently, in the state after hardening and tempering. Experimental results show that tool steels, belonging to high strength steels, can successfully represent wear resistant steels. The content of carbide elements, their size, and shape in the microstructure play an important role in the friction process and subsequent wear. Three types of loads were used and compared in the experiments 30, 60, and 90 N. Increasing the load results in significant degradation of the material on the sample surface. Lastly, the impact of hardness and roughness of materials on wear has also been proven. If abrasive wear occurs in the friction process, there is a greater degree of wear than that of adhesive wear. This is due to less abrasive particles, which behave like a cutting wedge and are subject to subsequent deformation strengthening due to the load increase, which adversely affects the further friction process. Analysis of the results showed that the ZrO ceramic ball showed significantly better wear values when compared to the X46Cr13 stainless steel ball. It also improves the values of the coefficient of friction with respect to the type of wear that occurs when the experimental materials and counterparts are in contact.
工具钢因其良好的机械性能而用于冲压、剪切工艺以及作为切削工具。在其工作循环中，钢会受到诸如热应力、疲劳和磨损等苛刻条件的影响。在本文中，选择了三种工具钢，即X153CrMoV12、X37CrMoV5-1和X45NiCrMo4，与两种轴承球ZrO和X46Cr1进行对比。所有测量均在UMT TriboLab通用摩擦磨损试验机上于干燥条件下进行。该实验的主要目的是分析和比较与两种直径为4.76 mm的轴承球接触时工具钢的磨损情况。该评估聚焦于所有样品的硬度、表面粗糙度和微观结构，以及输入参数对产生的磨损的影响。所有三种类型的工具钢均在基本退火状态下进行测量，随后在淬火和回火状态下进行测量。实验结果表明，属于高强度钢的工具钢能够成功代表耐磨钢。微观结构中碳化物元素的含量、其尺寸和形状在摩擦过程及随后的磨损中起着重要作用。实验中使用并比较了三种载荷，即30 N、60 N和90 N。增加载荷会导致样品表面材料显著劣化。最后，材料的硬度和粗糙度对磨损的影响也得到了证实。如果在摩擦过程中发生磨料磨损，其磨损程度比粘着磨损更大。这是因为磨料颗粒较少，其作用类似于切削楔，并且由于载荷增加而经历随后的变形强化，这对进一步的摩擦过程产生不利影响。结果分析表明，与X46Cr13不锈钢球相比，ZrO陶瓷球的磨损值明显更好。相对于实验材料与配对物接触时发生的磨损类型，它还改善了摩擦系数值。
