Shtina I E, Valina S L, Ustinovа O Yu, Eisfeld D A, Miftahova A M
Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 614045, Perm, Russian Federation.
Perm State National Research University, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2020;89(2):52-63. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10016. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
The study is relevant due to insufficient diagnostic sensitivity of the body mass index to assess the risk of nutrition disorders and determine the range and the content of preventive measures. of the research was to investigate age and gender characteristics of body composition indicators in schoolchildren according to bioimpedance analysis. . 136 students of the city secondary school divided in four age groups (7-8, 10-11, 12-14, 15-17 years old) were examined, each group was divided into gender subgroups. All children underwent bio-impedance research using the analyzer ABC-01 «Medass». A comparative analysis of anthropometric data, absolute and relative average values of the main parameters of bio-impedance analysis and the frequency of deviation of the parameter from standard values was carried out. . Boys in the age group of 7-8 years showed a tendency to more frequent registration of both deficiency and excess body fat relative to girls (36 vs 8% and 36 vs 15%). The body composition of girls in this age group was characterized by higher values of the indicators of the development of musculoskeletal system. Children aged 10-11 years, demonstrated less sexual differentiation between indicators of fat metabolism; adipose tissue deficiency was detected with a frequency up to 13-20%, an excess - up to 40-47%. Girls were also characterized by higher parameters of skeletal muscle mass. In boys of the 12-14 year old age group, the average values of the phase angle, active cell mass and its proportion were statistically significantly lower than the similar indicators for girls. The most pronounced gender differences were found in children in the age group of 15-17 years. The average height and body weight of boys exceeded that of girls. The average values of the phase angle, lean mass, active cell mass, musculoskeletal mass and their proportion were statistically significantly higher in boys, against the background of lower parameters of fat metabolism relative to similar indicators of girls. A direct relationship of age with the proportion of skeletal muscle mass and the relative value of active cell mass in boys, and the proportion of fat mass in girls has been shown. It is noteworthy that the frequency of high values of the proportion of fat mass was up to 2.2 fold higher than the percentage of high values of the body mass index. . In boys in the period from 7 to 17 years, there was observed an increase in indicators characterizing the level of motor activity and overall physical development, and in girls the prevalence of the adipose tissue excess and obesity increased.
由于体重指数在评估营养失调风险以及确定预防措施的范围和内容方面诊断敏感性不足，该研究具有重要意义。本研究的目的是根据生物电阻抗分析调查学龄儿童身体成分指标的年龄和性别特征。对该市一所中学的136名学生进行了检查，他们被分为四个年龄组（7 - 8岁、10 - 11岁、12 - 14岁、15 - 17岁），每个年龄组又分为性别亚组。所有儿童均使用ABC - 01型“Medass”分析仪进行生物电阻抗研究。对人体测量数据、生物电阻抗分析主要参数的绝对和相对平均值以及参数偏离标准值的频率进行了比较分析。7 - 8岁年龄组的男孩相对于女孩，出现身体脂肪不足和过多的登记频率更高（分别为36%对8%和36%对15%）。该年龄组女孩的身体成分特点是肌肉骨骼系统发育指标值较高。10 - 11岁的儿童，脂肪代谢指标的性别差异较小；脂肪组织不足的检出频率高达13% - 20%，过多的频率高达40% - 47%。女孩的骨骼肌质量参数也较高。在12 - 14岁年龄组的男孩中，相位角、活性细胞质量及其比例的平均值在统计学上显著低于女孩的类似指标。在15 - 17岁年龄组的儿童中发现了最明显的性别差异。男孩的平均身高和体重超过女孩。在脂肪代谢参数低于女孩类似指标的背景下，男孩的相位角、瘦体重、活性细胞质量、肌肉骨骼质量及其比例的平均值在统计学上显著更高。已表明年龄与男孩骨骼肌质量比例和活性细胞质量相对值以及女孩脂肪质量比例之间存在直接关系。值得注意的是，脂肪质量比例高值的频率比体重指数高值的百分比高2.2倍。在7至17岁的男孩中，观察到表征运动活动水平和总体身体发育的指标有所增加，而在女孩中，脂肪组织过多和肥胖的患病率有所上升。
