Singh Akshita, Ramachandran Anandhi
Department of Academic and Research, International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2020 Mar;45(Suppl 1):S21-S25. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_363_19.
Bovine mastitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease that affects the production and quality of the milk and results in culling of the cattle, leading to severe economic loss. In India, a large number of smallholder urban dairy farmers are in milk production. However, information on their awareness on milk-borne zoonosis and milking hygiene practices remains scarce.
The study aimed to evaluate milk hygiene awareness and practices among the small dairy farms in the peri-urban area of Jaipur.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 dairy farms. A total of 80 respondents including the farmers (suppliers), distributors, and customers were surveyed. They were interviewed about their milk hygiene practices and awareness on mastitis using questionnaires and observations. Milk samples were analyzed for somatic cell count.
The results of the study showed that all respondents practiced hand milking. Only 80% of the respondents washed udder before milking. Tap water was used for washing utensils. Only 2% of the respondents practice postmilking dipping of teats. Nearly 90% of barns were not cleaned properly.
Hygiene practices are of substandard among the suppliers and the distributors. There is a risk of prevalence of bovine mastitis. This indicates that there is a lack of awareness about the risk associated with bovine mastitis and management. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen farmers' awareness on milking hygiene practices and handling of milk, to minimize the likely losses due to rejection of spoiled milk and milk-borne dangers, which may occur due to consumption of contaminated milk.
牛乳腺炎是一种高度流行的传染病，会影响牛奶的产量和质量，并导致奶牛被淘汰，造成严重的经济损失。在印度，大量城市小奶农从事牛奶生产。然而，关于他们对奶源性人畜共患病和挤奶卫生习惯的认识的信息仍然匮乏。
本研究旨在评估斋浦尔城郊地区小型奶牛场的牛奶卫生意识和做法。
对30个奶牛场进行了横断面研究。共调查了80名受访者，包括农民（供应商）、经销商和客户。通过问卷调查和观察，询问他们关于牛奶卫生习惯和对乳腺炎的认识。对牛奶样本进行体细胞计数分析。
研究结果表明，所有受访者都采用手工挤奶。只有80%的受访者在挤奶前清洗乳房。使用自来水清洗器具。只有2%的受访者在挤奶后进行乳头药浴。近90%的牛舍没有得到妥善清洁。
供应商和经销商的卫生习惯不合格。存在牛乳腺炎流行的风险。这表明人们对与牛乳腺炎相关的风险和管理缺乏认识。因此，有必要加强农民对挤奶卫生习惯和牛奶处理的认识，以尽量减少因变质牛奶被拒收以及因饮用受污染牛奶可能带来的奶源性危险而可能造成的损失。
