García-Mieres H, Montesano A, Villaplana A, Trujillo A, Salla M, Paz C, Ochoa S, Feixas G
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, The Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
J Psychiatr Res. 2020 Aug;127:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.015. Epub 2020 May 23.
Disturbances in personal identity are recognized in psychosis and depression. However, it is unknown whether these disruptions share common processes across clinical groups, or whether there are unique alterations by group or between men and women within each clinical group. To advance on this question, we compared personal identity dimensions in psychosis and depression and investigated the effects of gender and depressive mood. This study assessed dimensions of personal identity using the repertory grid technique among 85 outpatients with psychosis, 85 outpatients with depressive disorders and 85 healthy controls who were matched by age. Data regarding depressive mood and general functioning was also collected. Results showed that self-discrepancies were higher in psychosis and depression than in controls, and were associated with depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking was more prevalent in women in both clinical groups. Women with psychosis showed higher ideal-others discrepancy and had a more complex structure of personal identity than their male counterparts. To conclude, alterations in self-ideal and self-others discrepancies may be transdiagnostic dimensions related to depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking may also be a common dimensional characteristic in psychosis and depression but more specific to women. Finally, critical views of others and a higher complexity of personal identity may be more specific to women than men with psychosis. Our results are consistent with other studies pointing to the need for person-focused treatments promoting the recovery of a full sense of personal identity, rather than just focusing on specific thoughts and feelings.
在精神病和抑郁症中，个人身份的紊乱是被认可的。然而，尚不清楚这些紊乱在不同临床群体中是否有共同的过程，或者在每个临床群体中是否存在因群体不同或男女之间的独特变化。为了推进对这个问题的研究，我们比较了精神病和抑郁症中的个人身份维度，并研究了性别和抑郁情绪的影响。本研究使用 repertory grid 技术对 85 名精神病门诊患者、85 名抑郁症门诊患者和 85 名年龄匹配的健康对照者的个人身份维度进行了评估。还收集了有关抑郁情绪和总体功能的数据。结果显示，精神病和抑郁症患者的自我差异高于对照组，且与抑郁情绪相关。人际二分法思维在两个临床群体的女性中更为普遍。患有精神病的女性比男性表现出更高的理想他人差异，并且个人身份结构更为复杂。总之，自我理想和自我与他人差异的改变可能是与抑郁情绪相关的跨诊断维度。人际二分法思维也可能是精神病和抑郁症中的一个共同维度特征，但更特定于女性。最后，对他人的批判性观点和更高的个人身份复杂性可能在患有精神病的女性中比男性更具特异性。我们的结果与其他研究一致，表明需要以个人为中心的治疗方法，促进完整个人身份感的恢复，而不仅仅关注特定的想法和感受。
