School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economics, 06120 Halle, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 29;17(11):3862. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113862.
A growing body of literature is providing evidence of a negative association between parental migration and child development. Meanwhile, the chain of relationships between parental migration, home environment, and early child development has not yet been well documented in China. This paper investigates the interrelationships between parental migration, home environment, and early child development in an undeveloped area of western rural China. In total, 444 households were included in the study. Bayley Scales of Infant Development version III (BSID-III), Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME), and a socioeconomic questionnaire, were used to measure children's development outcomes, home environment, and socioeconomic characteristics in sample households. A mediation effect model was used to estimate the interrelationships between parental migration, home environment, and child development. The results demonstrate that home environment works as a significant mediator, through which parental migration is associated with a 0.07 standard deviation (SD), 0.13 SD, 0.12 SD, and 0.10 SD decline in the child's cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional scores, respectively. For future studies, the key findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving the home environments of left-behind children might be necessary in rural China.
越来越多的文献证据表明，父母外出务工与儿童发展之间呈负相关关系。然而，在中国，有关父母外出务工、家庭环境和儿童早期发展之间关系的链条尚未得到很好的记录。本文调查了中国西部农村欠发达地区父母外出务工、家庭环境和儿童早期发展之间的相互关系。共有 444 户家庭参与了这项研究。采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版（BSID-III）、家庭观察测量环境（HOME）和社会经济状况问卷，测量样本家庭中儿童的发展结果、家庭环境和社会经济特征。采用中介效应模型估计父母外出务工、家庭环境和儿童发展之间的相互关系。结果表明，家庭环境是一个重要的中介变量，通过它，父母外出务工与儿童认知、语言、运动和社会情感得分分别下降 0.07 个标准差（SD）、0.13 SD、0.12 SD 和 0.10 SD。对于未来的研究，这些关键发现表明，在中国农村地区，可能有必要针对留守儿童的家庭环境进行干预。
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