免疫调节耐受纳米颗粒的开发用于减轻抗药物抗体。
Development of ImmTOR Tolerogenic Nanoparticles for the Mitigation of Anti-drug Antibodies.
机构信息
Selecta Biosciences, Watertown, MA, United States.
出版信息
Front Immunol. 2020 May 20;11:969. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00969. eCollection 2020.
The development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) is a common cause for treatment failure and hypersensitivity reactions for many biologics. The focus of this review is the development of ImmTOR, a platform technology designed to prevent the formation of ADAs that can be applied broadly across a wide variety of biologics by inducing immunological tolerance with ImmTOR nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin. The induction of tolerance is antigen-specific and dependent on the incorporation of rapamycin in nanoparticles and the presence of the antigen at the time of administration of ImmTOR. Evidence for the induction of specific immune tolerance vs. general immune suppression is supported by the findings that: (1) ImmTOR induces regulatory T cells specific to the co-administered antigen; (2) tolerance can be transferred by adoptive transfer of splenocytes from treated animals to naïve recipients; (3) the tolerance is durable to subsequent challenge with antigen alone; and (4) animals tolerized to a specific antigen are capable of responding to an unrelated antigen. ImmTOR nanoparticles can be added to new or existing biologics without the need to modify or reformulate the biologic drug. The ability of ImmTOR to mitigate the formation of ADAs has been demonstrated for coagulation factor VIII in a mouse model of hemophilia A, an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis, pegylated uricase in hyperuricemic mice and in non-human primates, acid alpha-glucosidase in a mouse model of Pompe disease, recombinant immunotoxin in a mouse model of mesothelioma, and adeno-associated vectors in a model of repeat dosing of gene therapy vectors in mice and in non-human primates. Human proof-of concept for the mitigation of ADAs has been demonstrated with SEL-212, a combination product consisting of ImmTOR + pegadricase, a highly immunogenic enzyme therapy for the treatment of gout. ImmTOR represents a promising approach to preventing the formation of ADAs to a broad range of biologic drugs.
抗药物抗体(ADAs)的产生是许多生物制剂治疗失败和过敏反应的常见原因。本文重点介绍了 ImmTOR 的开发,这是一种平台技术,旨在通过 ImmTOR 纳米粒包封雷帕霉素诱导免疫耐受来预防 ADAs 的产生,该技术可广泛应用于多种生物制剂。诱导耐受是抗原特异性的,依赖于雷帕霉素在纳米粒中的掺入以及 ImmTOR 给药时抗原的存在。以下发现支持了诱导特异性免疫耐受而不是一般性免疫抑制的观点:(1)ImmTOR 诱导与共给药抗原特异性的调节性 T 细胞;(2)通过从治疗动物中过继转移脾细胞,可以转移耐受;(3)单独用抗原再次挑战时,耐受是持久的;(4)耐受特定抗原的动物能够对无关抗原作出反应。ImmTOR 纳米粒可添加到新的或现有的生物制剂中,而无需对生物药物进行修饰或重新配方。ImmTOR 减轻抗血友病因子 VIII 形成 ADA 的能力已在血友病 A 的小鼠模型、抗 TNFα 单克隆抗体在炎症性关节炎的小鼠模型、高尿酸血症小鼠和非人灵长类动物中的聚乙二醇尿酸酶、庞贝病的小鼠模型中的酸性α-葡萄糖苷酶、间皮瘤的小鼠模型中的重组免疫毒素以及小鼠和非人灵长类动物中重复基因治疗载体给药模型中的腺相关载体中得到证实。SEL-212(ImmTOR+pegadricase)是一种用于治疗痛风的高度免疫原性酶疗法,其在人类中的抗 ADAs 作用的概念验证已得到证实。ImmTOR 代表了预防广泛生物制剂形成 ADAs 的一种有前途的方法。