NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
Astrobiology. 2020 Oct;20(10):1151-1157. doi: 10.1089/ast.2019.2098. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) Mars flight system is made up of a cruise stage, an aeroshell, and a Phoenix heritage-based lander that successfully landed in the Elysium Planitia on November 26, 2018. InSight has primary science objectives that are aimed at understanding more about the interior of Mars and the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets. As with previous Mars missions, InSight was obligated to satisfy bioburden requirements and verify compliance with international treaty obligations and National Aeronautics and Space Administration requirements before launch. InSight implemented a series of policies and procedures to minimize biological risk and comply with all applicable requirements for a Planetary Protection Category IVa mission. At launch, InSight had an estimated total bacterial spore burden of 1.50 × 10 spores on the entire spacecraft, including the cruise stage, satisfying the requirement of 5 × 10 spores. The landed hardware components required <3 × 10 spores and a bioburden density of <300 spores/m. At launch, the landed hardware of InSight contained an estimated total spore bioburden of 1.35 × 10 spores and an estimated bioburden density of 129 spores/m.
洞察号（使用地震调查、大地测量学和热传输进行内部探测）火星飞行系统由巡航级、气动壳和基于凤凰号的着陆器组成，该着陆器于 2018 年 11 月 26 日成功降落在埃律西昂平原。洞察号有主要的科学目标，旨在更深入地了解火星内部以及类地行星的形成和演化。与之前的火星任务一样，洞察号有义务满足生物负荷要求，并在发射前验证是否符合国际条约义务和美国国家航空航天局的要求。洞察号实施了一系列政策和程序，以最大程度地降低生物风险，并遵守行星保护四级任务的所有适用要求。在发射时，洞察号整个航天器（包括巡航级）上的总细菌孢子负担估计为 1.50×10 个孢子，满足 5×10 个孢子的要求。着陆硬件组件需要 <3×10 个孢子，生物负荷密度<300 个孢子/m。在发射时，洞察号的着陆硬件估计总孢子生物负荷为 1.35×10 个孢子，估计生物负荷密度为 129 个孢子/m。
