Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, United States.
College of Optometry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.
Perception. 2020 Jun;49(6):636-657. doi: 10.1177/0301006620929970.
For gray or achromatic objects, brightness is a relatively simple transformation where very low luminance levels are perceived as black and higher levels are perceived as white. For chromatic objects, the transformation is more complex, depending on color purity as well. This influence of color purity on a color's perceived brightness is a well-established phenomenon known as the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch (H-K) effect. We investigated gender differences in the H-K effect by measuring brightness (via direct brightness matching [DBM]) and luminance (via heterochromatic flicker photometry [HFP]) at five wavelengths (450, 520, 560, 580, and 650 nm) perceived as blue, green, green-yellow, yellow, and red hues. We compared DBM/HFP ratios between 13 males and 18 females. Based on previous evidence of a female advantage in chromatic processes, we hypothesized that DBM/HFP ratios would be higher in female subjects. While HFP measures were essentially the same between male and female subjects, DBM measures and DBM/HFP ratios were significantly higher for female subjects than males. There were no significant effects of contraceptive use based on a post hoc comparison. We also derived simple models of brightness as a function of luminance and saturation, which further suggest gender dimorphism in the H-K effect.
对于灰色或非彩色物体，亮度是一种相对简单的转换，其中非常低的亮度级别被感知为黑色，而更高的亮度级别被感知为白色。对于彩色物体，转换更为复杂，这取决于颜色的纯度。颜色纯度对颜色感知亮度的这种影响是一种被称为赫尔姆霍茨-科尔劳施（Helmholtz-Kohlrausch，H-K）效应的公认现象。我们通过在五个波长（450、520、560、580 和 650nm）处测量亮度（通过直接亮度匹配[DBM]）和亮度（通过异色调闪光光度法[HFP]）来研究 H-K 效应中的性别差异，这些波长被感知为蓝色、绿色、绿黄色、黄色和红色色调。我们比较了 13 名男性和 18 名女性的 DBM/HFP 比值。基于先前关于色觉过程中女性优势的证据，我们假设女性受试者的 DBM/HFP 比值会更高。虽然 HFP 测量值在男性和女性受试者之间基本相同，但 DBM 测量值和 DBM/HFP 比值在女性受试者中明显高于男性。根据事后比较，避孕药具的使用没有产生显著影响。我们还得出了亮度作为亮度和饱和度函数的简单模型，这进一步表明 H-K 效应中的性别二态性。
