Schreier Hannah M C, Kuras Yuliya I, McInnis Christine M, Thoma Myriam V, St Pierre Danielle G, Hanlin Luke, Chen Xuejie, Wang Diana, Goldblatt Dena, Rohleder Nicolas
Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 5;11:504. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00504. eCollection 2020.
Experiences of child maltreatment are associated with a host of adverse mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. Altered reactivity to psychosocial stress exposure may partially explain known associations between early experiences of maltreatment and later life health. The present study focuses on examining whether experiences of child maltreatment are associated with physiological reactions to initial and repeated psychosocial stress in adulthood. To this end, 44 healthy adults (52% male, aged 18-65) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to provide information about exposure to child maltreatment and completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on 2 consecutive days. Peripheral blood was collected prior to as well as 30 and 120 min following the TSST on each day. Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and inhibitor of kB (IkB) were measured from each blood sample. Total CTQ scores were unrelated to plasma IL-6 and gene expression (s > .10) but a history of childhood physical neglect was associated with increased interleukin-1β (β =.35; =.02; R =.19) and nuclear factor-kB (β =.30; p =.046; R =.13) expression following initial stress. Following repeated exposure to the TSST, childhood physical neglect was associated with increased plasma IL-6 reactivity (β =.34; p =.02; R =.16) and increased expression of nuclear factor-kB (β =.31; p =.04; R =.08). Finally, childhood physical neglect was associated with decreased habituation following repeated exposure to the TSST. Other CTQ subscales were not related to plasma IL-6 and gene expression when considered individually. Results from this study are suggestive of a unique effect of childhood physical neglect on the physiological stress response following initial and repeated exposure to a common psychosocial stressor. This provides important directions for future research because the effect of childhood physical neglect on long-term neglect are not well understood and in need of further investigation.
儿童期受虐待经历与成年期一系列不良身心健康后果相关。对心理社会应激暴露的反应性改变可能部分解释了儿童期虐待早期经历与晚年健康之间已知的关联。本研究重点考察儿童期受虐待经历是否与成年期对初次和重复心理社会应激的生理反应相关。为此，44名健康成年人（52%为男性，年龄18 - 65岁）完成了儿童期创伤问卷以提供有关儿童期受虐待情况的信息，并连续两天完成了特里尔社会应激测试（TSST）。在每天TSST之前以及之后30分钟和120分钟采集外周血。测量每个血样中的血浆白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）以及IL - 6、IL - 1β、核因子 - kB（NF - kB）和kB抑制因子（IkB）的基因表达。儿童期创伤问卷总分与血浆IL - 6和基因表达无关（s >.10），但儿童期身体忽视史与初次应激后白细胞介素 - 1β表达增加（β =.35；p =.02；R =.19）和核因子 - kB表达增加（β =.30；p =.046；R =.13）相关。在重复暴露于TSST后，儿童期身体忽视与血浆IL - 6反应性增加（β =.34；p =.02；R =.16）和核因子 - kB表达增加（β =.31；p =.04；R =.08）相关。最后，儿童期身体忽视与重复暴露于TSST后的习惯化降低相关。单独考虑时，其他儿童期创伤问卷分量表与血浆IL - 6和基因表达无关。本研究结果提示儿童期身体忽视对初次和重复暴露于常见心理社会应激源后的生理应激反应具有独特影响。这为未来研究提供了重要方向，因为儿童期身体忽视对长期影响尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。
