Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
Sleep Breath. 2021 Mar;25(1):339-345. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02127-9. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
The current study was conducted to explore the clinical features and risk factors of patients with asthma complicated by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
Patients with asthma who underwent polysomnography in our hospital from August 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. Data on demographics, pulmonary function testing, polysomnography, blood gases, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were compared between the two groups.
Of 238 patients with asthma, 93 who also had OSAHS formed the observation group and were subclassified into mild (n = 33), moderate (n = 41), and severe (n = 19) categories, while 145 patients with asthma alone were assigned to the control group. No significant differences were found in sex, age, course of disease, or pulmonary function between the two groups (P > 0.05), while the observation group showed more frequent allergic rhinitis and had greater BMI, neck circumference, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and VEGF than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV/FVC in the mild group and the moderate group were higher than those in the severe group (P < 0.001). The durations of AHI and SaO < 90% in the mild group and the moderate group were shorter than that in the severe group, and the lowest level of SaO in the mild group and the moderate group was higher than that in the severe group (P < 0.05). The mPAP and VEGF of the mild and moderate groups were lower than those of severe group (P < 0.001), with mild group lower than moderate group (P < 0.001).
Significant differences in allergic rhinitis, BMI, neck circumference, AHI, SaO2, mPAP, and VEGF were observed in patients with asthma complicated by OSAHS. These parameters are risk factors associated with asthma complicated by OSAHS.
本研究旨在探讨哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的临床特征和危险因素。
选取 2017 年 8 月至 2019 年 12 月在我院行多导睡眠图检查的哮喘患者为研究对象。比较两组患者的一般资料、肺功能检查、多导睡眠图、血气分析、平均肺动脉压（mPAP）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）。
238 例哮喘患者中，93 例合并 OSAHS 为观察组，并进一步分为轻度（n=33）、中度（n=41）和重度（n=19）亚组，145 例单纯哮喘患者为对照组。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、肺功能比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），观察组变应性鼻炎发生率高于对照组，且观察组 BMI、颈围、mPAP、VEGF 高于对照组（P<0.001）。轻度组和中度组的呼气峰流速（PEF）、1 秒用力呼气容积（FEV）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV/FVC 均高于重度组（P<0.001）。轻度组和中度组的 AHI 和 SaO<90%持续时间短于重度组，且轻度组和中度组最低 SaO 水平高于重度组（P<0.05）。轻度组和中度组 mPAP、VEGF 低于重度组（P<0.001），轻度组低于中度组（P<0.001）。
哮喘合并 OSAHS 患者存在变应性鼻炎、BMI、颈围、AHI、SaO2、mPAP、VEGF 等方面的显著差异，这些参数是哮喘合并 OSAHS 的危险因素。
