Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Jun;64:124-129. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.006. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
The major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule MR1 captures and presents small metabolites to MR1-restricted T cells including Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. The first MR1 ligands discovered were intermediates of microbial riboflavin synthesis, antigens presented to alert inflammatory MAIT cells to bacterial infection. Recent advances have expanded the range of MR1 ligands to include extracellular metabolites released by the commensal microbiome, and yet undefined antigens presented by cancer cells to mediate MR1-dependent anti-tumor activity. MR1 thus exhibits a multifaceted ability to display a diverse range of ligands for immune surveillance in a variety of contexts. The mechanisms of antigen presentation by MR1 are of central importance to understanding metabolite-mediated immune homeostasis, immunity to infection and tumor surveillance.
主要组织相容性复合体 I 类相关分子 MR1 捕获并呈递小代谢物给 MR1 限制性 T 细胞，包括黏膜相关不变 T（MAIT）细胞。最初发现的 MR1 配体是微生物核黄素合成的中间产物，这些抗原被呈递给 MAIT 细胞以提示细菌感染。最近的进展扩大了 MR1 配体的范围，包括共生微生物组释放的细胞外代谢物，以及尚未定义的肿瘤细胞呈递的抗原，以介导 MR1 依赖性抗肿瘤活性。因此，MR1 具有多方面的能力，能够在多种情况下展示多样化的配体，进行免疫监视。MR1 呈递抗原的机制对于理解代谢物介导的免疫稳态、抗感染免疫和肿瘤监视至关重要。
