Ramli Muhamad Roddy, Tarmizi Azmil Haizam Ahmad, Hammid Abdul Niefaizal Abdul, Razak Raznim Arni Abd, Kuntom Ainie, Lin Siew Wai, Radzian Rosidah
Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
J Oleo Sci. 2020 Aug 6;69(8):815-824. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess20021. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Approximately 900 tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) underwent washing using 5 to 10% hot water (90 to 95°C) at a palm oil mill. The aim of the CPO washing was to eliminate and/or reduce total chlorine content present in the conventional CPO, as it is known as the main precursor for the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters (3-MCPDE). By a simple hot water washing, more than 85% of the total chlorine was removed. However, washing did not have significant (p > 0.05) effect on other oil quality parameters such as the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI), free fatty acid (FFA) content and diacylglycerol (DAG) content of the oil. The latter has been established as the main precursor for glycidyl esters (GE) formation. The treated CPO was then transported using tankers and further refined at a commercial refinery. Refining of washed CPO resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower formation of 3-MCPDE, but GE content remained slightly high. Post-treatment of refined oil significantly reduced the GE content (p < 0.05) to an acceptable level whilst almost maintaining the low 3-MCPDE level. The study has proven that water washing of CPO prior to refining and subsequent post-refining is so far the most effective way to produce good quality refined oil with considerably low 3-MCPDE and GE contents. Dry fractionation of refined palm oil showed these contaminants partitioned more into the liquid olein fraction compared to the stearin fraction.
在一家棕榈油厂，约900吨粗棕榈油（CPO）使用5%至10%的热水（90至95°C）进行了清洗。CPO清洗的目的是消除和/或降低传统CPO中存在的总氯含量，因为它是形成3-一氯丙烷-1,2-二醇酯（3-MCPDE）的主要前体。通过简单的热水清洗，超过85%的总氯被去除。然而，清洗对其他油质参数，如油的漂白性指数（DOBI）恶化、游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量和二酰基甘油（DAG）含量，没有显著（p>0.05）影响。后者已被确定为缩水甘油酯（GE）形成的主要前体。然后，经处理的CPO用油罐车运输，并在一家商业炼油厂进一步精炼。清洗后的CPO精炼导致3-MCPDE的形成显著（p<0.05）降低，但GE含量仍然略高。精炼油的后处理显著降低（p<0.05）了GE含量至可接受水平，同时几乎保持了低3-MCPDE水平。该研究证明，在精炼前对CPO进行水洗以及随后的精炼后处理是目前生产具有相当低的3-MCPDE和GE含量的优质精炼油的最有效方法。精炼棕榈油的干法分馏表明，与硬脂部分相比，这些污染物更多地分配到液体油精部分。
