[哮喘与大麻、可卡因或海洛因的使用]
[Asthma and cannabis, cocaine or heroin use].
作者信息
Underner M, Peiffer G, Perriot J, Jaafari N
机构信息
Consultation de tabacologie, unité de recherche clinique, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 370, avenue Jacques-Cœur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
Service de pneumologie, CHR Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France.
出版信息
Rev Mal Respir. 2020 Sep;37(7):572-589. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.06.004. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
INTRODUCTION
The use of cannabis, cocaine or heroin can be responsible for many respiratory complications including asthma.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic literature review of data was to expose the relations between cannabis, cocaine or heroin use and asthma.
RESULTS
Cannabis, cocaine or heroin use by inhalation may be responsible for respiratory symptoms (cough, wheezing), asthma onset, acute asthma exacerbations (which may require intubation and invasive ventilation) or deaths related to asthma. Lower adherence to asthma treatment is also observed. Cannabis induces a rapid bronchodilator effect. In contrast, its chronic use may induce a decrease in specific airway conductance. Studies on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) reduction or decline are discordant.
CONCLUSION
Cannabis, cocaine or heroin use must be considered in cases of acute respiratory symptoms or asthma exacerbation in young persons and practitioners must help illicit substance users to stop their consumption.
引言
使用大麻、可卡因或海洛因可能会引发包括哮喘在内的多种呼吸系统并发症。
目的
本系统文献数据综述旨在揭示使用大麻、可卡因或海洛因与哮喘之间的关系。
结果
通过吸入使用大麻、可卡因或海洛因可能会导致呼吸道症状（咳嗽、喘息）、哮喘发作、急性哮喘加重（可能需要插管和有创通气）或与哮喘相关的死亡。还观察到对哮喘治疗的依从性较低。大麻会产生快速的支气管扩张作用。相比之下，长期使用可能会导致特定气道传导率下降。关于一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）降低或下降的研究结果并不一致。
结论
对于年轻人出现急性呼吸道症状或哮喘加重的情况，必须考虑使用大麻、可卡因或海洛因的可能性，从业者必须帮助非法药物使用者停止使用。
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