School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V9, Canada.
Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Facultat de Ciències de l'Activitat Física i l'Esport, Universitat de València, Valencia, 46010 Spain.
Public Health. 2020 Aug;185:202-208. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.020. Epub 2020 Jul 10.
The objective of the study was to develop the Barriers to Physical Activity and Sport Questionnaire for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning (BPASQ-LGBTQ+ [encompassing all spectrums of sexuality and gender]) persons (LGBT), which measures barriers using a socio-ecological model, and to validate it through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Validation study.
First, content validity was achieved by (a) developing a bank of items, (b) discussing the adequacy of the items in a committee of experts and classifying the selected ones under three socio-ecological levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental) and (c) refining wording and relevance of the items after a pilot test. Second, 709 LGBTQ+ persons completed the questionnaire online to establish construct validity, criterion validity and internal consistency.
Exploratory factor analysis revealed four underlying factors in the BPASQ-LGBTQ+, thus suggesting that the items initially considered as 'environmental barriers' could be constituting two separate factors based on social interactions or organizational aspects. Competing three- and four-factor models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The four-factor structure with two different factors accounting for environmental barriers obtained better values in all fit indices. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.745 to 0.813. Participants engaging in regular physical activity and sports reported lower scores in all the barriers subscales than their counterparts.
The BPASQ-LGBTQ+ is valid and reliable to measure barriers to physical activity and sports in LGBTQ+ people across the different socio-ecological levels. It could be especially useful for understanding the complex relationships between these barriers, which is of great relevance for the design and implementation of interventions addressed to encourage physically active lifestyles among LGBTQ+ people.
本研究旨在为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和酷儿/疑问者（BPASQ-LGBTQ+[涵盖所有性取向和性别]）人群开发一个使用社会生态学模型测量障碍的《体育活动和运动障碍问卷》，并通过探索性和验证性因子分析对其进行验证。
验证性研究。
首先，通过（a）开发项目库、（b）在专家委员会中讨论项目的充分性并将选定的项目分类为三个社会生态学水平（个体内部、人际间、环境）以及（c）在试点测试后完善措辞和相关性，实现内容有效性。其次，709 名 LGBTQ+人员在线完成问卷以建立结构有效性、效标有效性和内部一致性。
探索性因子分析显示，BPASQ-LGBTQ+有四个潜在因素，这表明最初被认为是“环境障碍”的项目可以根据社会互动或组织方面构成两个单独的因素。使用验证性因子分析测试了具有三个和四个因子的竞争模型。四因子结构中有两个不同的因子可以解释环境障碍，在所有拟合指数中获得了更好的值。克朗巴赫的阿尔法值范围从 0.745 到 0.813。与他们的对照组相比，经常参加体育活动和运动的参与者在所有障碍子量表中的得分都较低。
BPASQ-LGBTQ+在不同社会生态学水平上测量 LGBTQ+人群体育活动障碍是有效和可靠的。它对于理解这些障碍之间的复杂关系特别有用，这对于设计和实施旨在鼓励 LGBTQ+人群积极生活方式的干预措施具有重要意义。
