Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, USA.
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Sep 1;214:108160. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108160. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Immersive video (e.g. virtual reality) poses a promising and engaging alternative to standard in-person trainings and can potentially increase access to evidence-based opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs). Therefore, the objective of this equivalence study was to test whether the immersive video OOPP was equivalent to a standard in-person OOPP for changes in opioid overdose knowledge and attitudes.
A team of nurses and communication researchers developed a 9-minute immersive video OOPP. To test whether this immersive video OOPP (treatment) demonstrated equivalent gains in opioid overdose response knowledge and attitudes as in-person OOPPs (standard of care control), researchers deployed a two-day field experiment in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. In this equivalence trial, 9 libraries were randomly assigned to offer treatment or control OOPP to community members attending naloxone giveaway events. In this equivalence design, a difference between treatment and control groups pre- to post-training scores within -1.0 to 1.0 supports equivalence between the trainings.
Results demonstrate participants (N = 94) exposed to the immersive video OOPP had equivalent improvements on posttest knowledge (β=-0.18, p = .61) and more favorable attitudes about responding to an opioid overdose (β=0.26, p = .02) than those exposed to the standard OOPP. However, these minor differences in knowledge and attitudes were within the equivalence interval indicating that the immersive video OOPP remained equivalently effective for community members.
Community partnerships, like those between public health departments and libraries, can provide opportunities for deploying novel immersive video OOPP that, alongside standard offerings, can strengthen community response to the opioid crisis.
沉浸式视频（例如虚拟现实）为标准的面对面培训提供了一种有前途且引人入胜的替代方案，并且可能增加获得基于证据的阿片类药物过量预防方案（OOPPs）的机会。因此，本等效性研究的目的是测试沉浸式视频 OOPP 是否与标准的面对面 OOPP 一样，能够改变阿片类药物过量的知识和态度。
一组护士和传播研究人员开发了一个 9 分钟的沉浸式视频 OOPP。为了测试这种沉浸式视频 OOPP（治疗）是否在阿片类药物过量反应知识和态度方面与面对面 OOPP（标准护理对照）获得等效收益，研究人员在美国宾夕法尼亚州费城进行了为期两天的现场实验。在这个等效性试验中，9 个图书馆被随机分配提供治疗或对照 OOPP 给参加纳洛酮赠品活动的社区成员。在这个等效设计中，治疗组和对照组在培训前至培训后的得分差异在-1.0 到 1.0 之间，支持两种培训之间的等效性。
结果表明，接触沉浸式视频 OOPP 的参与者（N=94）在测试后知识方面有同等的提高（β=-0.18，p=0.61），并且对应对阿片类药物过量的态度更为有利（β=0.26，p=0.02）比接触标准 OOPP 的参与者。然而，这些知识和态度的微小差异在等效区间内，表明沉浸式视频 OOPP 对社区成员仍然具有等效的效果。
公共卫生部门和图书馆等社区合作伙伴关系可以提供机会部署新颖的沉浸式视频 OOPP，与标准产品一起，加强社区对阿片类药物危机的反应。
