Di Liberto Diana, D'Anneo Antonella, Carlisi Daniela, Emanuele Sonia, De Blasio Anna, Calvaruso Giuseppe, Giuliano Michela, Lauricella Marianna
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2020 Jul 9;10(7):437. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10070437.
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins from other cereals, such as barley and rye. Immunity against these cereal-derived proteins is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by both innate and adaptive system response in individuals unable to adequately digest them. Peptides generated in this condition are absorbed across the gut barrier, which in these patients is characterized by the deregulation of its permeability. Here, we discuss a possible correlation between CD and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis. ASD can be induced by an excessive and inappropriate brain opioid activity during the neonatal period. Cereal-derived peptides produced in celiac patients cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to endogenous opioid receptors interfering with neurotransmission and generating deleterious effects on brain maturation, learning and social relations. Moreover, an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity, as well as an extended mitochondrial impairment in the brain, could represent a possible connection between ASD and CD. Therefore, we critically discuss the proposed relationship between ASD and CD and the possible usefulness of a gluten-free diet in ASD patients.
乳糜泻（CD）是一种由摄入小麦醇溶蛋白以及来自其他谷物（如大麦和黑麦）的相关醇溶蛋白引发的免疫介导性疾病。对于这些谷物衍生蛋白的免疫反应是由无法充分消化它们的个体的先天性和适应性系统反应所产生的促炎细胞因子介导的。在这种情况下产生的肽会穿过肠道屏障被吸收，而这些患者的肠道屏障的特征是其通透性失调。在此，我们讨论乳糜泻与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）发病机制之间可能存在的关联。自闭症谱系障碍可能由新生儿期过度且不适当的脑阿片类活性所诱发。乳糜泻患者体内产生的谷物衍生肽会穿过血脑屏障并与内源性阿片受体结合，干扰神经传递，并对大脑成熟、学习和社会关系产生有害影响。此外，氧化应激增加、抗氧化能力下降以及大脑中线粒体功能的长期受损，可能代表了自闭症谱系障碍与乳糜泻之间的一种可能联系。因此，我们批判性地讨论了自闭症谱系障碍与乳糜泻之间的既定关系以及无麸质饮食对自闭症谱系障碍患者可能具有的作用。
