本科护生药理学知识与用药错误风险估计。
Undergraduate nursing students' pharmacology knowledge and risk of error estimate.
机构信息
School of Nursing, Eastern Michigan University, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States of America.
出版信息
Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Oct;93:104540. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104540. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
BACKGROUND
In the United States alone, medication error causes injury to approximately 1.3 million people every year. Frequently, nurses have been blamed for the high rates of medication administration errors. Factors associated with medication error by nurses are categorized as personal, contextual and knowledge-based. There is evidence in the literature that showed nurses have insufficient knowledge in pharmacology.
PURPOSE
The overall purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of error based on the combined scores on pharmacology knowledge and self-rated certainty scores of undergraduate nursing students.
METHOD
A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted. Students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program who completed or were currently taking the pharmacology course were eligible for the study. Based on power analysis, a sample of 156 students was needed to reach 80% power with a level of significance of 0.05. A 42-item Pharmacology Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ) test was administered, and students were asked to provide their level of certainty for each of their answers. Risk of error was calculated based on the combined scores in PKQ and self-rated certainty scores.
RESULTS
147 nursing students, 83% females with a mean age of 24 (SD = 5) years, participated in the study. Mean score in the PKQ was 25 (SD = 3.51) out of 42 items, which is equivalent to a grade of 60% (with a calculated weighted mean grade of 56%). Drug calculation was the subject area where students had the lowest mean score. Mean overall risk of error for all 42 items in the PKQ was 1.7 (SD = 0.14), on a scale of 0-3. This means that, on average, high risk of error was noted in 14% of the students who rated incorrect answers with high certainty. Positive correlations were noted between age and pharmacology score, and between when pharmacology course was last taken and risk of error. A negative correlation was noted between when pharmacology course was last taken and pharmacology score.
背景
仅在美国，每年就有约 130 万人因用药错误而受伤。护士经常因给药错误率高而受到指责。与护士用药错误相关的因素可分为个人因素、环境因素和基于知识的因素。有文献证据表明，护士在药理学方面的知识不足。
目的
本研究的总体目的是根据药理学知识综合得分和本科护理学生自我评估的确定性得分来估计错误风险。
方法
进行了一项横断面相关性研究。有资格参加这项研究的是正在修读或已经修完药理学课程的本科护理专业的学生。根据功效分析，需要 156 名学生的样本才能达到 80%的功效，显著性水平为 0.05。进行了 42 项药理学知识问卷（PKQ）测试，要求学生对每个答案的确定性进行评分。根据 PKQ 和自我评估确定性得分的综合得分计算错误风险。
结果
147 名护理学生（83%为女性，平均年龄为 24 岁，标准差=5 岁）参加了这项研究。PKQ 的平均得分为 42 项中的 25 分（标准差=3.51），相当于 60%的成绩（计算加权平均成绩为 56%）。药物计算是学生平均得分最低的科目领域。在 PKQ 的 42 项中，整体错误风险的平均得分为 1.7（标准差=0.14），范围为 0-3。这意味着，平均而言，在 14%的学生中，他们对自己高度确定的错误答案的评分显示出高风险的错误。年龄与药理学得分之间、上次修读药理学课程与错误风险之间、上次修读药理学课程与药理学得分之间均呈正相关。
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