新冠疫情社交隔离后，伪科学信仰和精神病理风险增加。
Pseudoscientific beliefs and psychopathological risks increase after COVID-19 social quarantine.
机构信息
Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE Blanquerna), Ramon Llull University, 34 Císter St., 08022, Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Global Health. 2020 Jul 30;16(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00603-1.
BACKGROUND
The health crisis caused by COVID-19 has led many countries to opt for social quarantine of the population. During this quarantine, communication systems have been characterized by disintermediation, the acceleration of digitization and an infodemic (excess and saturation of information). The following debate arises: Do the levels related to the psychotic phenotype and pseudoscientific beliefs related to the interpretation of information vary before and after social quarantine?
OBJECTIVES
This research aims to examine the psychological effects of social quarantine on the psychotic phenotype and pseudoscientific beliefs-experiences of the general nonclinical population. The following hypothesis was posed: social quarantine alters the levels of magical thinking, pseudoscientific beliefs and anomalous perceptions due to quarantine.
METHODS
A pre- and posttest analysis design was applied based on the difference in means, and complementary Bayesian estimation was performed. A total of 174 Spanish subjects responded to different questionnaires that evaluated psychopathological risks based on psychotic phenotypes, pseudoscientific beliefs and experiences before and after quarantine.
RESULTS
Significant differences were obtained for the variables positive psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and certain perceptual alterations (e.g., cenesthetic perceptions), and a significant increase in pseudoscientific beliefs was also observed. The perceptual disturbances that increased the most after quarantine were those related to derealization and depersonalization. However, paranoid perceptions showed the highest increase, doubling the initial standard deviation. These high increases could be related to the delimitation of physical space during social quarantine and distrust towards information communicated by the government to the population. Is it possible that social alarmism generated by the excess of information and pseudoscientific information has increased paranoid perceptual alterations?
CONCLUSIONS
Measures taken after quarantine indicate that perceptual disturbances, subclinical psychotic symptoms and beliefs in the pseudoscience have increased. We discuss which elements of quarantine coincide with the social marginality theory and its clinical repercussions.
背景
由 COVID-19 引起的健康危机导致许多国家选择对人口进行社会隔离。在这种隔离期间，通信系统的特点是去中介化、数字化加速以及信息过剩（信息过剩和饱和）。由此产生了以下争论：在社会隔离前后，与精神病表型相关的水平以及与信息解释相关的伪科学信仰是否会发生变化？
目的
本研究旨在研究社会隔离对一般非临床人群的精神病表型和伪科学信仰-经验的心理影响。提出了以下假设：由于隔离，社会隔离会改变神奇思维、伪科学信仰和异常感知的水平。
方法
应用基于均值差异的前后测试分析设计，并进行补充贝叶斯估计。共有 174 名西班牙受试者回答了不同的问卷，这些问卷根据精神病表型、伪科学信仰和隔离前后的经验评估了心理病理风险。
结果
阳性精神病症状、抑郁症状和某些感知改变（例如，体感感知）的变量得到了显著差异，并且还观察到伪科学信仰的显著增加。隔离后增加最多的感知障碍是与现实解体和人格解体有关的障碍。然而，偏执感知的增加幅度最高，增加了初始标准差的两倍。这些高增长可能与社会隔离期间身体空间的划定以及对政府向公众传达的信息的不信任有关。过多的信息和伪科学信息引发的社会警报是否会增加偏执感知的改变？
结论
隔离后的措施表明，感知障碍、亚临床精神病症状和对伪科学的信仰有所增加。我们讨论了隔离与社会边缘化理论及其临床影响的哪些元素相吻合。
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