Szymkowiak Marysia
NOAA, National Marine Fisheries ServiceAlaska Fisheries Science Center Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA.
Ocean Coast Manag. 2020 Nov 1;197:105321. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105321. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
Over the last three decades, fishing families in the Gulf of Alaska have adapted to numerous multifaceted conditions in response to near constant flux in stocks, markets, governance regimes, and broader sociocultural and environmental changes. Based on an analysis of seven focus groups held across Gulf of Alaska fishing communities, this study explores the variety of strategies that families across the Gulf have employed to adapt to changing conditions from the 1980s to the present day. Furthermore, the study examines how those strategies have evolved over time to accommodate cumulative effects and synergisms. While families continue to employ long-standing adaptation strategies of fisheries portfolio diversification and increasing effort, they are also integrating new adaptations into their framework as changing management systems, demographics, and technologies shift how choices about adaptations are made. This study also demonstrates how adaptations have implicit intra- and inter-personal well-being tradeoffs within families that, while potentially allowing for sustained livelihoods, may undermine other values that individuals and families derive from fishing.
在过去三十年里，阿拉斯加湾的渔业家庭适应了诸多复杂多变的情况，以应对鱼类种群数量、市场、治理体制以及更广泛的社会文化和环境变化几乎持续不断的波动。基于对阿拉斯加湾渔业社区举行的七个焦点小组的分析，本研究探讨了海湾各地家庭为适应从20世纪80年代至今不断变化的情况而采用的各种策略。此外，该研究考察了这些策略如何随着时间的推移而演变，以适应累积效应和协同作用。虽然家庭继续采用渔业投资组合多样化和加大努力等长期适应策略，但随着管理系统、人口结构和技术的变化改变了适应选择的方式，他们也在将新的适应方式融入其框架。本研究还展示了适应如何在家庭内部产生隐含的人际和个人福祉权衡，这虽然可能使生计得以维持，但可能会损害个人和家庭从捕鱼中获得的其他价值观。
