[Pulmonary Artery Catheter-induced Massive Tracheal Hemorrhage during Aortic Valve Surgery;Report of a Case].

We report a case of pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)-induced massive intratracheal hemorrhage during aortic valve surgery. An 81-year-old woman underwent aortic valve replacement and pulmonary vein isolation. Operative procedures were uneventful, but active and massive intratracheal hemorrhage started just after cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued. We immediately resumed cardiopulmonary bypass and replaced the endotracheal tube with a double-lumen one, keeping the airway pressure high (20 cmH2O). Those maneuvers reduced intratracheal hemorrhage and maintained oxygenation, and then cardiopulmonary bypass was disconnected without lung lobectomy. Mechanical ventilation with high positive end expiratory pressure for 6 days in the intensive care unit let her good recovery. A postoperative enhanced computed tomography revealed a thrombosed right pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm possibly induced by PAC. After close observation the patient left the hospital on foot.