Puri Sudan, Coulson-Thomas Yvette M, Gesteira Tarsis F, Coulson-Thomas Vivien J
College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Aug 7;8:731. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00731. eCollection 2020.
The ocular surface, which forms the interface between the eye and the external environment, includes the cornea, corneoscleral limbus, the conjunctiva and the accessory glands that produce the tear film. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) have been shown to play important roles in the development, hemostasis and pathology of the ocular surface. Herein we review the current literature related to the distribution and function of GAGs and PGs within the ocular surface, with focus on the cornea. The unique organization of ECM components within the cornea is essential for the maintenance of corneal transparency and function. Many studies have described the importance of GAGs within the epithelial and stromal compartment, while very few studies have analyzed the ECM of the endothelial layer. Importantly, GAGs have been shown to be essential for maintaining corneal homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation and wound healing, and, more recently, a role has been suggested for the ECM in regulating limbal stem cells, corneal innervation, corneal inflammation, corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Reports have also associated genetic defects of the ECM to corneal pathologies. Thus, we also highlight the role of different GAGs and PGs in ocular surface homeostasis, as well as in pathology.
眼表构成了眼睛与外部环境的界面,包括角膜、角膜缘、结膜以及产生泪膜的附属腺体。糖胺聚糖(GAGs)和蛋白聚糖(PGs)已被证明在眼表的发育、止血和病理过程中发挥重要作用。在此,我们综述了目前与GAGs和PGs在眼表的分布及功能相关的文献,重点关注角膜。角膜内细胞外基质(ECM)成分的独特组织对于维持角膜的透明度和功能至关重要。许多研究描述了GAGs在上皮和基质层中的重要性,而很少有研究分析内皮层的ECM。重要的是,GAGs已被证明对于维持角膜稳态、上皮细胞分化和伤口愈合至关重要,最近,有人提出ECM在调节角膜缘干细胞、角膜神经支配、角膜炎症、角膜血管生成和淋巴管生成中发挥作用。报告还将ECM的基因缺陷与角膜病变联系起来。因此,我们还强调了不同GAGs和PGs在眼表稳态以及病理过程中的作用。