Huang Jun, Zhi Fuying, Zhang Juan, Hafeez Muhammad, Li Xiaowei, Zhang Jinming, Zhang Zhijun, Wang Likun, Lu Yaobin
Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Aug 25;8:e9734. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9734. eCollection 2020.
The reproductive pattern of most scale insects is ovoviviparity. The solanum mealybug, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is known as a thelytokous parthenogenetic species, but there is still debate about the reproductive strategies of this species.
Here, we investigated the oviposition characteristics of and used scanning/transmission electron microscopy and RNA-seq to identify the differences between two types of eggs.
We found that laid two types of eggs in one batch, with no significant difference in apparent size: one with eyespots that hatched and another without eyespots that failed to hatch. Furthermore, the physiological and molecular differences between the two types of eggs were highly significant. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment for the JAK-STAT, Notch, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways and dorsoventral axis formation, wax biosynthesis, cell cycle, insulin secretion, and nitrogen metabolism pathways. The results suggest that the embryo of the egg undergoes development inside the mother and only a short molting period outside the mother.
Ovoviviparous species produce eggs and keep them inside the mother's body until they are ready to hatch, and the offspring exits the egg shell during or immediately following oviposition. Therefore, we suggest that the reproductive pattern of can be described as ovoviviparity.
大多数蚧虫的生殖方式为卵胎生。茄粉蚧（半翅目：粉蚧科）是一种产雌孤雌生殖物种，但关于该物种的生殖策略仍存在争议。
在此，我们研究了茄粉蚧的产卵特征，并使用扫描/透射电子显微镜和RNA测序来鉴定两种类型卵之间的差异。
我们发现茄粉蚧一批产下两种类型的卵，表观大小无显著差异：一种有眼点且能孵化，另一种无眼点且不能孵化。此外，两种类型卵之间的生理和分子差异非常显著。KEGG富集分析显示JAK-STAT、Notch、Hippo和Wnt信号通路以及背腹轴形成、蜡生物合成、细胞周期、胰岛素分泌和氮代谢途径显著富集。结果表明，卵的胚胎在母体内发育，仅在母体外有短暂的蜕皮期。
卵胎生物种产生卵并将其保留在母体内直至准备孵化，后代在产卵期间或产卵后立即破壳而出。因此，我们认为茄粉蚧的生殖方式可描述为卵胎生。
