Horvath E, Kovacs K
Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Pathol Res Pract. 1988 Apr;183(2):129-42. doi: 10.1016/S0344-0338(88)80041-4.
This review summarizes current knowledge on pathology of proliferative lesions of the human pituitary. The morphologic classification of pituitary adenomas--based on histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy--has now been firmly established. It has been conclusively proven that all presently recognized adenohypophysial cell types give rise to adenoma and all known pituitary hormones may be secreted in excess. Evidence is accumulating that hyperplasia of various adenohypophysial cell types can lead to hypersecretory syndromes similar to those associated with the corresponding adenomas. Owing to the rarity of studies on pituitary hyperplasia, the condition is still incompletely defined. The difficulties regarding morphologic diagnosis of pituitary hyperplasia are discussed. Despite major advances in the field of pituitary pathology, several problems concerning structure-function relationship, as well as pathogenesis of proliferative lesions are still unresolved. There is strong circumstantial evidence suggesting that the cytological mapping of the pituitary is incomplete and there are still cell types waiting to be discovered.
本综述总结了目前关于人类垂体增生性病变病理学的知识。基于组织学、免疫组织化学和电子显微镜的垂体腺瘤形态学分类现已牢固确立。已经确凿证明，目前所有公认的腺垂体细胞类型均可引发腺瘤，并且所有已知的垂体激素都可能分泌过多。越来越多的证据表明，各种腺垂体细胞类型的增生可导致与相应腺瘤相关的分泌亢进综合征。由于垂体增生的研究罕见，该病症仍未完全明确。文中讨论了垂体增生形态学诊断方面的困难。尽管垂体病理学领域取得了重大进展，但关于结构 - 功能关系以及增生性病变发病机制的若干问题仍未解决。有强有力的间接证据表明，垂体的细胞图谱并不完整，仍有细胞类型有待发现。
