From the, Department of Psychology, (ENG, RG, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, (LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020 Nov;44(11):2298-2306. doi: 10.1111/acer.14458. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Subjective response (SR) to acute alcohol reflects individual variance to the sensitivity of alcohol's pharmacological effects. It has been argued that measures of stimulation and sedation may not fully capture the full-range SR, with 2 novel domains proposed: high arousal negative and low arousal positive. While substantial progress has been made in the field of SR and alcohol use risk, it remains unknown how these novel domains correspond to traditional SR measures. Therefore, the current study examined the latent structure of traditional and novel SR measures at rising breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) during alcohol administration.
Heavy drinkers (n = 67; 36M/31F) participated in an intravenous alcohol administration. Questionnaires assessing stimulation, sedation, mood, valence and arousal, and craving were assessed at baseline and at BrACs of 20, 40, and 60 mg%. A series of exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the latent factor structure of SR at each time point. Correlations examined the association between the generated factors and measures of problematic alcohol use.
The analysis generated a 3-factor solution, consistent across all time points. The factors measured the following effects of SR: (i) stimulation and positive mood, (ii) sedation and aversive effects, and (iii) tension reduction. The tension reduction factor was most commonly associated with problematic alcohol use in this sample.
This study extends upon the literature evaluating the biobehavioral effects of alcohol by examining a novel combination of SR to alcohol measures. This study demonstrates that the proposed low arousal positive domain, which loaded onto the tension reduction factor, provides novel information not captured by previous SR measures. Going forward, studies of alcohol's subjective effects should use this dimensional approach to reduce multiple comparisons across a wide range of scales and to build a literature grounded on the underlying structure of SR as a translational phenotype for AUD.
急性酒精引起的主观反应（SR）反映了个体对酒精药理作用敏感性的差异。有人认为，刺激和镇静措施可能无法完全捕捉到全范围的 SR，因此提出了两个新的领域：高唤醒负性和低唤醒正性。尽管在 SR 和酒精使用风险领域取得了相当大的进展，但这些新领域与传统的 SR 测量方法如何对应仍不清楚。因此，本研究在酒精给药过程中，在上升的呼气酒精浓度（BrAC）下，检查了传统和新的 SR 测量方法的潜在结构。
重度饮酒者（n=67；36M/31F）参与了静脉内酒精给药。在基线和 BrAC 为 20、40 和 60mg%时，评估了评估刺激、镇静、情绪、效价和唤醒以及渴求的问卷。进行了一系列探索性因素分析，以检查每个时间点 SR 的潜在因子结构。相关性检查了生成因子与有问题的酒精使用之间的关联。
分析产生了一个 3 因子解决方案，在所有时间点都一致。这些因子衡量了 SR 的以下影响：（i）刺激和积极情绪，（ii）镇静和厌恶效应，以及（iii）紧张缓解。在该样本中，紧张缓解因子与有问题的酒精使用最常相关。
本研究通过检查对酒精的新的 SR 测量组合，扩展了评估酒精的生物行为效应的文献。本研究表明，所提出的低唤醒正性领域，加载到紧张缓解因子上，提供了以前的 SR 测量方法无法捕捉到的新信息。今后，对酒精的主观效应的研究应该使用这种维度方法来减少跨广泛范围的多个比较，并基于 SR 作为 AUD 的翻译表型的潜在结构建立文献。
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