CO-assisted co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and hyperaccumulator biomass: Dynamic and comparative analyses of evolved gases, bio-oils, biochars, and reaction mechanisms.

The CO-activated co-pyrolysis technology presents promising potential to mitigate the environmental pollution and climate change. The dynamic analyses of evolved syngas, bio-oils, biochars, interaction effects, and reaction mechanisms of the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and Pteris vittata (PV) (hyperaccumulator biomass) were characterized and quantified comparatively in the three atmospheres. In the CO-assisted atmosphere, the gasification of PV began to prevail between 600 and 900 °C, while in the N atmosphere, PV and TDS were stable at 750 °C. The CO-assisted co-pyrolysis reduced the apparent activation energy. The higher CO concentration during gasification led to the higher activation energy. The CO emission level of the CO and mixed atmospheres was almost 20 and 14 times that of the N atmosphere, respectively. The CO release from the CO atmosphere was 1.4 times that from the mixed atmosphere. CO significantly changed the production pathway of biochar in the N atmosphere, as was evidenced by the enhanced temperature sensitivity of O-C = O/hydroxy (-OH) in ester. Our findings research can provide new insights into the effectiveness of the CO-assisted co-pyrolysis associated with reduced costs and hazardous wastes.