认知偏差与精神病学中的临床和功能变量有关：精神分裂症、早期精神病和健康个体的比较。

Cognitive biases are associated with clinical and functional variables in psychosis: A comparison across schizophrenia, early psychosis and healthy individuals.

机构信息

Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.

Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.

出版信息

Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):4-15. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.07.005. Epub 2020 Sep 17.

DOI:10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.07.005

PMID:32950409

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the presence of cognitive biases in people with a recent-onset psychosis (ROP), schizophrenia and healthy adolescents and explored potential associations between these biases and psychopathology.

METHODS

Three groups were studied: schizophrenia (N=63), ROP (N=43) and healthy adolescents (N=45). Cognitive biases were assessed with the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ). Positive, negative and depressive symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and Calgary Depression Scale (ROP; schizophrenia) and with the CAPE-42 (healthy adolescents). Cannabis use was registered. The association between CBQ and psychopathology scales was tested with multiple linear regression analyses.

RESULTS

People with schizophrenia reported more cognitive biases (46.1±9.0) than ROP (40±5.9), without statistically significant differences when compared to healthy adolescents (43.7±7.3). Cognitive biases were significantly associated with positive symptoms in both healthy adolescents (Standardized β=0.365, p=0.018) and people with psychotic disorders (β=0.258, p=0.011). Cognitive biases were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in healthy adolescents (β=0.359, p=0.019) but in patients with psychotic disorders a significant interaction between schizophrenia diagnosis and CBQ was found (β=1.804, p=0.011), which suggests that the pattern differs between ROP and schizophrenia groups (positive association only found in the schizophrenia group). Concerning CBQ domains, jumping to conclusions was associated with positive and depressive symptoms in people with schizophrenia and with cannabis use in ROP individuals. Dichotomous thinking was associated with positive and depressive symptoms in all groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Cognitive biases contribute to the expression of positive and depressive symptoms in both people with psychotic disorders and healthy individuals.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在调查近期发病的精神病患者（ROP）、精神分裂症患者和健康青少年是否存在认知偏差，并探讨这些偏差与精神病理学之间的潜在关联。

方法

研究纳入了三组人群：精神分裂症组（N=63）、ROP 组（N=43）和健康青少年组（N=45）。使用认知偏差问卷（CBQ）评估认知偏差。使用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）和卡尔加里抑郁量表（ROP；精神分裂症）以及认知偏差问卷-青少年版（CAPE-42；健康青少年）评估阳性、阴性和抑郁症状。记录大麻使用情况。采用多元线性回归分析检验 CBQ 与精神病理学量表之间的关联。

结果

精神分裂症患者报告的认知偏差（46.1±9.0）多于 ROP 患者（40±5.9），但与健康青少年相比无统计学差异（43.7±7.3）。在健康青少年和精神病患者中，认知偏差与阳性症状均显著相关（标准化β=0.365，p=0.018；β=0.258，p=0.011）。在健康青少年中，认知偏差与抑郁症状显著相关（β=0.359，p=0.019），但在精神病患者中，发现精神分裂症诊断和 CBQ 之间存在显著的交互作用（β=1.804，p=0.011），这表明 ROP 和精神分裂症组之间的模式存在差异（仅在精神分裂症组中存在正相关）。就 CBQ 各维度而言，匆忙下结论与精神分裂症患者的阳性和抑郁症状以及 ROP 患者的大麻使用相关。非此即彼的思维与所有组的阳性和抑郁症状相关。