临床研究:眼葡萄膜黑素瘤致癌性 GNAQ 突变的治疗靶向。

Research in practice: Therapeutic targeting of oncogenic GNAQ mutations in uveal melanoma.

机构信息

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

出版信息

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020 Nov;18(11):1245-1248. doi: 10.1111/ddg.14288. Epub 2020 Sep 21.

Abstract

Uveal melanoma is the most common form of eye cancer and has a poor prognosis. Although the primary tumor in most cases is treated effectively by local surgery or radiotherapy, over 50 % of patients develop systemic metastasis, especially in the liver. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, there is no standard-of-care treatment for metastasized uveal melanoma. Recently, oncogenic driver mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 were identified in about 85 % of uveal melanomas, which lead to constitutively active signaling in the Gα pathway and its downstream effectors. Direct targeting of deregulated Gα signaling might therefore be a therapeutic option for patients with uveal melanoma. In our study we identified the cyclic depsipeptide FR-900359, which is isolated from the evergreen plant Ardisia crenata as an effective inhibitor of constitutively active Gα proteins and their downstream targets. Although our data are preliminary, they might contribute to a future treatment option for patients with metastasized uveal melanoma.

摘要

葡萄膜黑色素瘤是最常见的眼癌形式,预后不良。尽管大多数情况下局部手术或放疗可有效治疗原发肿瘤,但超过 50%的患者会发生系统性转移,尤其是肝脏。与皮肤黑色素瘤不同,转移性葡萄膜黑色素瘤没有标准的治疗方法。最近,在大约 85%的葡萄膜黑色素瘤中发现了 GNAQ 或 GNA11 的致癌驱动突变,这些突变导致 Gα 通路及其下游效应物的持续激活信号。因此,直接靶向失调的 Gα 信号可能是葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者的一种治疗选择。在我们的研究中,我们鉴定了来源于常绿植物紫金牛的环二肽 FR-900359 是一种有效的持续激活的 Gα 蛋白及其下游靶标的抑制剂。尽管我们的数据尚属初步,但它们可能为转移性葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者的未来治疗选择做出贡献。

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