Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;73:101532. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101532. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
The first experimental infections with Leptospira in ruminants were conducted in the 1950s, primarily assessed the pathogenesis caused by serovar Pomona in cows. Throughout the decades, experimental infections have also demonstrated the clinical aspects of the infection by other strains, mainly Hardjo. Despite the important outcomes observed in experimental infections in ruminants, there is still a large discrepancy regarding the ideal dose, route, strain, model species or animal age that should be used to reproduce the acute and chronic leptospirosis in ruminants. In this context, the present study aimed to review the historical processes involved on the experimental leptospiral infection in ruminants. The inclusion criteria were papers that clearly described inoculation route, strain, dose, clinical signs and animal age. Overall, 37 experiments were noted. The most frequently reported clinical signs were fever, prostration, hematuria and death, with the majority of them occurring in young animals infected by incidental strains. Regarding reproductive problems, they occurred in the majority of the experiments and were also more related to incidental strains. In this context, abortions, retained placenta and weak fetuses were the most frequent symptoms. Noteworthy that although the mechanisms of the clinical acute disease either systemic or reproductive, is reasonably well understood, the physiopathology involved on reproductive problems due to the silent chronic infection is less discussed and remains to be elucidated. In this context, it is evident the need for studies focused on the genital infection and reproductive aspects of leptospiral infection in ruminants.
反刍动物中的钩端螺旋体的首次实验感染是在上世纪 50 年代进行的，主要评估了波摩那血清型在奶牛中引起的发病机制。几十年来，实验感染也证明了其他菌株（主要是哈久）感染的临床方面。尽管在反刍动物的实验感染中观察到了重要的结果，但对于理想的剂量、途径、菌株、模式物种或动物年龄仍存在很大差异，这些因素应用于再现反刍动物的急性和慢性钩端螺旋体病。在这种情况下，本研究旨在回顾反刍动物实验性钩端螺旋体感染的历史过程。纳入标准是清楚描述接种途径、菌株、剂量、临床症状和动物年龄的论文。总的来说，注意到了 37 个实验。报道最多的临床症状是发热、乏力、血尿和死亡，其中大多数发生在感染偶然菌株的幼动物中。关于生殖问题，它们在大多数实验中发生，并且也更多地与偶然菌株有关。在这种情况下，流产、胎衣滞留和弱胎是最常见的症状。值得注意的是，尽管全身性或生殖性临床急性疾病的机制得到了很好的理解，但由于沉默性慢性感染而导致的生殖问题的病理生理学讨论较少，仍有待阐明。在这种情况下，显然需要研究专注于反刍动物的生殖器感染和钩端螺旋体感染的生殖方面。
