Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Street 6, 1419890 Dubna, Russian.
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street MG-6, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 28;17(19):7112. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197112.
The correct assessment of the presence of potentially contaminating elements in soil, as well as in fruits cultivated and harvested from the same places has major importance for both the environment and human health. To address this task, in the case of the Republic of Moldova where the fruit production has a significant contribution to the gross domestic product, the mass fractions of 37 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, K, Mn, Fe, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in soil collected from four Moldavian orchards. In the case of three types of fruits, grapes, apples, and plums, all of them collected from the same places, only 22 elements (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Th, and U) were detected. The enrichment factor, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, as well as pollution load index were calculated to assess the soil contamination. At the same time, the metal uptake from the soil into fruits was estimated by means of transfer factors. Soil samples showed for almost all elements mass fractions closer to the upper continental crust with the exception of a slightly increased content of As, Br, and Sb, but without overpassing the officially defined alarm thresholds. In the case of fruits, the hazard quotients for all elements with the exception of Sb in fruits collected in two orchards were below unity. A subsequent discriminant analysis allowed grouping all fruits according to their type and provenance.
正确评估土壤中以及从同一地点种植和收获的水果中潜在污染元素的存在，对环境和人类健康都具有重要意义。为了解决这个问题，在摩尔多瓦共和国，水果生产对国内生产总值有很大的贡献，采用仪器中子活化分析方法测定了从摩尔多瓦四个果园采集的土壤中 37 种元素（Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Si、K、Mn、Fe、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、As、Br、Rb、Sr、Zr、Mo、Cd、Sb、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Yb、Hf、Ta、W、Th 和 U）的质量分数。对于三种类型的水果，葡萄、苹果和李子，均从同一地点采集，只检测到 22 种元素（Na、Mg、Cl、K、Ca、Sc、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Rb、Sr、Sb、Cs、Ba、La、Th 和 U）。为了评估土壤污染，计算了富集因子、污染因子、地质累积指数和污染负荷指数。同时，通过转移因子估计了金属从土壤到水果中的吸收。土壤样品的大部分元素质量分数接近上地壳，除了 As、Br 和 Sb 的含量略有增加，但没有超过官方定义的警戒阈值。对于水果，除了两个果园采集的水果中的 Sb 之外，所有元素的危害系数都低于 1。随后的判别分析允许根据水果的类型和来源对所有水果进行分组。
