Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 2;15(10):e0240112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240112. eCollection 2020.
Globally, around 30% of ever-partnered women have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. To date, most research into causes and prevention of IPV involves surveys of women, with little research into risk-factors for male perpetration. This paper describes a survey of male partners of women participating in the MAISHA cluster randomised trial (CRT) of an IPV prevention intervention, in Mwanza City, Tanzania. Using linked couples' data, we explore man-, woman-, and relationship-/household-level factors associated with physical and sexual IPV.
Women were interviewed at baseline and 29-months follow-up. At follow-up, women were asked for consent to invite their partner to participate in the male survey. We describe response rates for the women's follow-up and male partners' surveys, and identify factors associated with women's consent to approach partners. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with women's past-year experiences of physical and sexual IPV.
512 (65%) partnered women consented for the partner to be approached, higher among intervention than control women. 425 (83%) male partners were interviewed. Women consenting were disproportionately likely to be in longer-term relationships. Past-year IPV was associated with lower consent among control women, but greater consent in the intervention arm. Factors associated with increased odds of physical IPV were women's childhood experiences of abuse, young age, women's lower income and women's attitudes justifying IPV. Sexual IPV was associated with women's childhood experiences of abuse, young age, educational disparity within couple, men's alcohol use and women's poor mental health.
We successfully conducted a survey of male partners with the full consent of women trial participants. The breadth of factors associated with IPV demonstrates the need for IPV prevention interventions to work with women and men, and specifically couples. Interventions should address risk-factors for both physical and sexual IPV.
在全球范围内，大约 30%的有过伴侣的女性在其一生中曾经历过身体和/或性亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。迄今为止，大多数关于 IPV 的原因和预防的研究都涉及对女性的调查，而对男性施暴者的风险因素的研究甚少。本文描述了对坦桑尼亚姆万扎市参与 IPV 预防干预措施 MAISHA 集群随机试验（CRT）的女性的男性伴侣进行的一项调查。使用夫妇关联数据，我们探讨了与身体和性 IPV 相关的男性、女性和关系/家庭层面的因素。
女性在基线和 29 个月随访时接受访谈。在随访时，询问女性是否同意邀请其伴侣参加男性调查。我们描述了女性随访和男性伴侣调查的应答率，并确定了与女性同意邀请伴侣相关的因素。多变量逻辑回归用于探讨与女性过去一年经历身体和性 IPV 相关的因素。
512 名（65%）有伴侣的女性同意让其伴侣接受访谈，干预组的同意率高于对照组。425 名（83%）男性伴侣接受了访谈。同意的女性更有可能处于长期关系中。在对照组中，过去一年经历 IPV 的女性更有可能不同意，但在干预组中，同意的可能性更大。与身体 IPV 发生几率增加相关的因素包括女性的童年期虐待经历、年龄较小、女性收入较低以及女性合理化 IPV 的态度。性 IPV 与女性的童年期虐待经历、年龄较小、夫妻间教育差距、男性饮酒以及女性心理健康状况不佳有关。
我们成功地对男性伴侣进行了调查，这些男性伴侣是女性试验参与者的完全同意。与 IPV 相关的因素广泛多样，这表明 IPV 预防干预措施需要与女性和男性，特别是夫妇合作。干预措施应针对身体和性 IPV 的风险因素。
