Borelli Teresa, Hunter Danny, Powell Bronwen, Ulian Tiziana, Mattana Efisio, Termote Céline, Pawera Lukas, Beltrame Daniela, Penafiel Daniela, Tan Ayfer, Taylor Mary, Engels Johannes
Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00054 Rome, Italy.
Center for International Forestry Research, Penn State University, State College, PA 16802, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Oct 1;9(10):1299. doi: 10.3390/plants9101299.
Overlooked in national reports and in conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of food and nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries have reported on the widespread and regular consumption of WFPs, particularly by rural and indigenous communities but also in urban contexts. They are reported as critical for livelihood resilience and for providing essential micronutrients to people enduring food shortages or other emergency situations. However, threats derived from changes in land use and climate, overexploitation and urbanization are reducing the availability of these biological resources in the wild and contributing to the loss of traditional knowledge associated with their use. Meanwhile, few policy measures are in place explicitly targeting their conservation and sustainable use. This can be partially attributed to a lack of scientific evidence and awareness among policymakers and relevant stakeholders of the untapped potential of WFPs, accompanied by market and non-market barriers limiting their use. This paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken in several countries to build evidence of the importance of WFPs, while providing examples of cross-sectoral cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches that are contributing to advance their conservation and sustainable use. An integrated conservation approach is proposed contributing to secure their availability for future generations.
野生可食用植物（WFPs）在国家报告和保护计划中被忽视了几个世纪，但它们一直是粮食和营养安全的重要组成部分。最近，一些国家报告了野生可食用植物的广泛和经常性消费情况，特别是农村和土著社区，在城市环境中也有消费。据报告，它们对于生计恢复力以及为遭受粮食短缺或其他紧急情况的人们提供必需的微量营养素至关重要。然而，土地利用和气候的变化、过度开发和城市化所带来的威胁正在减少这些野生生物资源的可获得性，并导致与它们的使用相关的传统知识的丧失。与此同时，很少有政策措施明确针对它们的保护和可持续利用。这部分归因于政策制定者和相关利益攸关方缺乏科学证据以及对野生可食用植物未开发潜力的认识，同时市场和非市场障碍限制了它们的使用。本文回顾了几个国家最近为证明野生可食用植物的重要性所做的努力，同时提供了跨部门合作和多方利益相关者方法的实例，这些方法有助于推动它们的保护和可持续利用。本文提出了一种综合保护方法，以确保它们能供子孙后代使用。
