Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 Oct 12;20(1):467. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02633-8.
This study describes a promising method for understanding how halophytes adapt to extreme saline conditions and to identify populations with greater resistance. Image and colour analyses have the ability to obtain many image parameters and to discriminate between different aspects in plants, which makes them a suitable tool in combination with genetic analysis to study the plants salt tolerance. To the best of our knowledge, there are no publications about the monitoring of halophytic plants by non-destructive methods for identifying the differences between plants that belong to different maternal salinity environments. The aim is to evaluate the ability of image analysis as a non-destructive method and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the multiple responses of two S. europaea populations, and to determine which population is most affected by different salinity treatments as a preliminary model of selection.
Image analysis was beneficial for detecting the phenotypic variability of two S. europaea populations by morphometric and colour parameters, fractal dimension (FD), projected area (A), shoot height (H), number of branches (B), shoot diameter (S) and colour change (ΔE). S was found to strongly positively correlate with both proline content and ΔE, and negatively with chlorophyll content. These results suggest that proline and ΔE are strongly linked to plant succulence, while chlorophyll decreases with increased succulence. The negative correlation between FD and hydrogen peroxide (HP) suggests that when the plant is under salt stress, HP content increases in plants causing a reduction in plant complexity and foliage growth. The PCA results indicate that the greater the stress, the more marked the differences. At 400 mM a shorter distance between the factorial scores was observed. Genetic variability analysis provided evidence of the differences between these populations.
Our non-destructive method is beneficial for evaluating the halophyte development under salt stress. FD, S and ΔE were relevant indicators of plant architecture. PCA provided evidence that anthropogenic saline plants were more tolerant to saline stress. Furthermore, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis provided a quick method for determining genetic variation patterns between the two populations and provided evidence of genetic differences between them.
本研究描述了一种有前途的方法，用于了解盐生植物如何适应极端盐条件，并确定具有更高抗性的种群。图像和颜色分析能够获得许多图像参数，并区分植物的不同方面，这使得它们成为与遗传分析相结合研究植物耐盐性的合适工具。据我们所知，目前还没有关于利用非破坏性方法监测盐生植物的文献，以识别属于不同母盐环境的植物之间的差异。目的是评估图像分析作为一种非破坏性方法和主成分分析（PCA）的能力，以识别两个 S. europaea 种群的多种反应，并确定哪个种群受不同盐处理的影响最大，作为选择的初步模型。
图像分析有利于通过形态和颜色参数、分形维数（FD）、投影面积（A）、茎高（H）、分枝数（B）、茎直径（S）和颜色变化（ΔE）检测两个 S. europaea 种群的表型变异性。发现 S 与脯氨酸含量和 ΔE 呈强正相关，与叶绿素含量呈负相关。这些结果表明，脯氨酸和 ΔE 与植物多汁性密切相关，而叶绿素随多汁性的增加而减少。FD 与过氧化氢（HP）之间的负相关表明，当植物受到盐胁迫时，HP 含量在植物中增加，导致植物复杂性和叶片生长减少。PCA 结果表明，胁迫越大，差异越明显。在 400mM 时，因子得分之间的距离较短。遗传变异分析为这些种群之间的差异提供了证据。
我们的非破坏性方法有利于评估盐生植物在盐胁迫下的发育情况。FD、S 和 ΔE 是植物结构的相关指标。PCA 提供的证据表明，人为盐生植物对盐胁迫更具耐受性。此外，随机扩增多态性 DNA 分析为确定两个种群之间的遗传变异模式提供了一种快速方法，并为它们之间的遗传差异提供了证据。
