Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 15;208:111462. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111462. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
The co-existence of organic pollutants and nanoparticles in the environment may lead to combined biological effects. The joint toxicity of pollutants and nanoparticles has been receiving increasing attention from researchers, but few studies have focused on soil biota due to the complexity of soil matrices. This study investigated the effects of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) at 0, 5, and 25 mg/kg and nanoparticulate TiO (nTiO) at 0, 500, and 2500 mg/kg in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments for 28 days (d) on Eisenia fetida (earthworm). Compared with the control group (the 0 mg/kg TDCIPP + 0 mg/kg nTiO treatment), all other single (TDCIPP or nTiO) and binary (TDCIPP + nTiO) treatments except for the single 500 mg/kg nTiO treatment significantly reduced the weight gain rate of E. fetida. The binary treatments had significantly greater such effect than their corresponding single treatments, exhibiting a synergistic toxicity between TDCIPP and nTiO2 on the growth of E. fetida. Since TDCIPP and nTiO had no significant effect on their concentrations in the soil or in E. fetida during binary exposure, the synergistic toxicity could be a result of the superimposition of the toxicity pathways of TDCIPP and nTiO. Transcriptomic analysis of E. fetida intestinal region revealed that exposure to 25 mg/kg TDCIPP or 2500 mg/kg nTiO affected nutrient-related or cell apoptosis and DNA damage related genes, respectively; their co-exposure greatly inhibited genes related to nutrient digestion and absorption, while causing abnormal transcription of genes related to the development and maintenance of E. fetida's muscles, leading to synergistic toxicity. These findings provide new insights into the environmental risks of organophosphorus flame retardants, nanoparticles, and their co-exposure.
污染物和纳米颗粒在环境中的共存可能导致联合生物效应。污染物和纳米颗粒的联合毒性引起了研究人员的越来越多的关注，但由于土壤基质的复杂性，很少有研究关注土壤生物群。本研究在 28 天的时间里，以 3×3 因子设计，研究了三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TDCIPP）在 0、5 和 25mg/kg 以及纳米 TiO（nTiO）在 0、500 和 2500mg/kg 浓度下对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）的影响。与对照组（0mg/kg TDCIPP+0mg/kg nTiO 处理）相比，除了单一 500mg/kg nTiO 处理之外，所有其他单一（TDCIPP 或 nTiO）和二元（TDCIPP+nTiO）处理均显著降低了赤子爱胜蚓的体重增长率。二元处理的效果明显大于其相应的单一处理，表明 TDCIPP 和 nTiO2 对赤子爱胜蚓生长具有协同毒性。由于 TDCIPP 和 nTiO 在二元暴露期间对其在土壤或赤子爱胜蚓中的浓度没有显著影响，协同毒性可能是 TDCIPP 和 nTiO 毒性途径叠加的结果。赤子爱胜蚓肠道区域的转录组分析表明，暴露于 25mg/kg TDCIPP 或 2500mg/kg nTiO 分别影响与营养相关或细胞凋亡和 DNA 损伤相关的基因；它们的共同暴露极大地抑制了与营养消化和吸收相关的基因，同时导致与赤子爱胜蚓肌肉发育和维持相关的基因异常转录，导致协同毒性。这些发现为有机磷阻燃剂、纳米颗粒及其共同暴露的环境风险提供了新的见解。
