Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA; email:
The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2021 Feb 10;83:529-550. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-041520-092904. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
The mammalian lung epithelium is composed of a wide array of specialized cells that have adapted to survive environmental exposure and perform the tasks necessary for respiration. Although the majority of these cells are remarkably quiescent during adult lung homeostasis, a growing body of literature has demonstrated the capacity of these epithelial lineages to proliferate in response to injury and regenerate lost or damaged cells. In this review, we focus on the regionally distinct lung epithelial cell types that contribute to repair after injury, and we address current controversies regarding whether elite stem cells or frequent facultative progenitors are the predominant participants. We also shed light on the newly emerging approaches for exogenously generating similar lung epithelial lineages from pluripotent stem cells.
哺乳动物的肺上皮由多种特化细胞组成，这些细胞已经适应了环境暴露，并完成了呼吸所需的任务。尽管在成年肺稳态期间，这些细胞中的大多数都处于显著的静止状态，但越来越多的文献表明，这些上皮谱系能够增殖以响应损伤并再生丢失或受损的细胞。在这篇综述中，我们专注于在损伤后有助于修复的区域特化的肺上皮细胞类型，并讨论了关于精英干细胞还是常见的兼性祖细胞是主要参与者的当前争议。我们还介绍了从多能干细胞外源性产生类似肺上皮谱系的新出现方法。
