Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
Dokl Biol Sci. 2020 Sep;494(1):232-235. doi: 10.1134/S001249662005004X. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
The gill skeleton of the enteropneust Saccoglossus mereschkowskii consists of a series of tridents. The central prong of each trident bifurcates in its ventral end. The most anterior gill skeletal element has a simple horseshoe shape. Homologues of the elements of the enteropneust gill apparatus were found in the structure of the gill apparatus of Cephalochordata. The organization of the gill skeleton of Enteropneusta and Cephalochordata can be derived from the metameric horseshoe-shaped elements. The similarity of the structure of the gill skeleton of Enteropneusta and Cephalochordata contradicts a common "upside-down theory" of the origin of Chordata.
柱头虫的鳃弓骨骼由一系列三叉戟组成。每个三叉戟的中央叉在其腹端分叉。最前面的鳃弓骨骼元素具有简单的马蹄形。在头索动物的鳃器官结构中发现了与肠鳃类鳃器官元素的同源物。肠鳃类和头索动物的鳃弓骨骼的组织可以从分节的马蹄形元素中推导出来。肠鳃类和头索动物的鳃弓骨骼结构的相似性与脊索动物起源的常见“颠倒理论”相矛盾。