江城县跨境而居的 3 个少数民族食用野生植物的民族植物学研究
Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu'er, Southwest China.
机构信息
Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, 665903, Yunnan, China.
Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
出版信息
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 Oct 27;16(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1.
BACKGROUND
Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered this unique and attractive culture to the world.
METHODS
We conducted ethnobotanical survey in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County from 2016 to 2020. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani, and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge about wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The use value was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the consumption frequency and relative importance of the wild edible plants. The Jaccard index was calculated to assess the usage similarity of different areas. The relationship of age and recognized wild edible plants by different ethnic people was performed by R.
RESULTS
A total of 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 71 families and 151 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing, or dyeing materials. The use value (UV), current cultivation, market availability, and the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations, were analyzed. Based on the data from the threatened species list of China's higher plants and the IUCN Red List, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the Subject Database of China Plant, and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in some local villages.
CONCLUSION
Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of being lost among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for the sustainable use of natural resources and to conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.
背景
哈尼族、傣族和瑶族是中老越跨境而居的三个民族，在长期认识和利用自然资源的过程中，积累了丰富的野生食用植物传统知识。生态资源丰富的环境和多民族融合为该地区提供了宝贵的基础和动力，使其拥有高生物多样性和文化多样性。然而，目前还很少有研究向世界揭示这一独特而有吸引力的文化。
方法
我们于 2016 年至 2020 年在江城县的 20 个村庄进行了民族植物学调查。共采访了 109 名当地傣族、哈尼族和瑶族，记录了他们对野生食用植物的传统知识。作者对凭证标本进行了鉴定，并将其存放在中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园（HITBC）标本馆中。使用使用价值作为定量指标来评估野生食用植物的食用频率和相对重要性。通过 Jaccard 指数评估不同地区的使用相似性。通过 R 分析不同民族的人年龄与识别的野生食用植物之间的关系。
结果
共记录了 211 种野生食用植物，隶属于 71 科 151 属。这些植物被作为野生食用蔬菜、季节性水果、沙拉、香料、酸味调味料、滋补汤、茶替代品、酒酿造或染色材料食用。分析了不同世代的野生食用植物的使用价值（UV）、当前栽培、市场供应和定量传统知识传承情况。根据中国高等植物受威胁物种名录、亚洲象食物植物名录、中国植物主题数据库和计算的 UV 得分，选择前 30 种最重要的野生食用植物，在一些当地村庄进行了进一步的栽培。
结论
江城县傣族、哈尼族和瑶族的野生食用植物传统知识丰富，但在年轻一代中面临失传的风险。当地社区对野生食用植物的多样化栽培可能是该跨境地区自然资源可持续利用和保护濒危物种的一种解决方案。
Zotero 插件