Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Reproduction. 2020 Dec;160(6):R129-R143. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0354.
The mouse is often criticized as a model for pregnancy research as gestation is short, with much of organ development completed postnatally. There are also differences in the structure and physiology of the placenta between mouse and human. This review considers eight alternative models that recently have been proposed and two established ones that seem underutilized. A promising newcomer among rodents is the spiny mouse, which has a longer gestation than the mouse with organogenesis complete at birth. The guinea pig is also recommended both because it has well-developed neonates and because there is a wealth of information on pregnancy and placentation in the literature. Several smaller primates are considered. The mouse lemur has its advocates yet is less suited as a model for human pregnancy as its young are altricial, placentation very different from that of humans, and husbandry requirements not fully assessed. In contrast, the common marmoset, a New World monkey, has well-developed neonates and is kept at many primate centres. Marmoset placenta has some features that closely resemble human placentation, such as the interhaemal barrier, although it is uncertain if invasion of the uterine arteries occurs in this species. In conclusion, pregnancy research would benefit greatly from increased use of alternative models such as the spiny mouse and common marmoset.
老鼠常因其妊娠期短、器官发育多在产后完成，以及胎盘的结构和生理学在鼠与人之间存在差异而被批评为妊娠研究的模型。本文综述了最近提出的八种替代模型和两种未被充分利用的已有模型。啮齿动物中一种有前途的新模型是刺鼠，其妊娠期比老鼠长，且器官发生在出生时完成。豚鼠也被推荐使用，因为它有发育良好的幼仔，而且文献中有大量关于妊娠和胎盘形成的信息。还考虑了几种较小的灵长类动物。尽管老鼠猴有其拥护者，但它不太适合作为人类妊娠的模型，因为其幼仔是早产儿，胎盘与人类非常不同，而且饲养要求尚未完全评估。相比之下，新世界猴的普通狨猴有发育良好的幼仔，并且在许多灵长类中心饲养。狨猴胎盘具有一些与人类胎盘非常相似的特征，例如血腔屏障，尽管尚不确定该物种的子宫动脉是否会发生侵袭。总之，妊娠研究将从更多地使用替代模型（如刺鼠和普通狨猴）中受益。
