Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020 Oct 31;22(12):76. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01201-z.
Women with opioid use disorder (OUD) face unique challenges the moment they enter treatment. This narrative review focused on recent literature regarding sex- and gender-based issues that could affect treatment outcomes in women with OUD.
Women respond differently to opioids based on hormonal factors, are more likely to present to treatment with mental health conditions, especially depression, and are more likely to have experienced trauma via intimate partner violence compared with men. Women also face stigma when entering OUD treatment, particularly if they have children. Future research to improve OUD treatment outcomes in women should account for sex as a biological variable and gender as a social construct. Women have a fundamentally different experience than men during the course of OUD and upon treatment entry. Programs that address childcare/family support, mental health, and trauma are warranted for women with OUD.
患有阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的女性在进入治疗的那一刻就面临着独特的挑战。本综述重点关注了最近关于可能影响女性 OUD 治疗结果的基于性别的问题的文献。
女性对阿片类药物的反应因激素因素而异，更有可能因心理健康问题（尤其是抑郁症）而接受治疗，并且与男性相比，更有可能通过亲密伴侣暴力而遭受创伤。女性在进入 OUD 治疗时也面临耻辱，尤其是如果她们有孩子。未来的研究应该考虑将性别作为生物变量，将性别作为社会结构，以改善女性 OUD 的治疗结果。女性在 OUD 期间以及治疗开始时的经历与男性截然不同。为患有 OUD 的女性提供儿童保育/家庭支持、心理健康和创伤方面的项目是必要的。
