Multidrug resistance is the main cause of chemotherapy failure and death in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Drug resistance is a problem that must be solved to improve the survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The RNA-binding protein La and the La-related protein family are highly expressed in various malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. This article reviews the mechanisms of La protein in tumorigenesis, development, and drug resistance. High La protein expression in tumor cells promotes tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration; disrupts cell cycle; and inhibits tumor cell apoptosis caused by chemotherapeutic drugs through various pathways, resulting in chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Further study of the role of La protein in ovarian cancer multidrug resistance may be conducive to the development of human La protein-specific inhibitors that suppress ovarian cancer drug resistance.