From Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Nov;146(5):1166-1176. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007253.
Surgical specialists in plastic, head and neck, hand, trauma surgery, and emergency medicine physicians bear the burden of treating the most serious injuries caused by animals. Most of these incidents result from an attack by a known dog, and breed has been proposed, but not proven, to be a controllable factor. The authors summarize the peer-reviewed literature on dog bites in the United States, specifically as related to the breeds implicated.
A systematic review of all peer-reviewed publications reporting on dog bites in the United States was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted through May 8, 2018, for studies from the United States implicating a specific dog breed as responsible.
Forty-one articles met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were single-institution retrospective reviews. Main outcomes were any dog bite reported in the peer-reviewed literature where a specific breed was implicated. Secondary measures included dog bites reported in areas where breed-specific legislation was enacted. The most common pure breed identified was German Shepherd, followed by Pit Bull-type breeds (i.e., American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, American Bully), Labrador, Collie, and Rottweiler, respectively. Pit bull-type and German Shepherd breeds are consistently implicated for causing the most serious injuries to patients in the United States across heterogeneous populations, and this remained consistent across multiple decades.
The authors' results indicate that German Shepherd and Pit Bull-type breeds account for the largest subset of pure breeds implicated in severe dog bites inflicted on humans in the medical literature. The role and complexity of mentioning breed in relation to human injuries are also discussed.
整形外科、头颈部外科、手外科、创伤外科和急诊医学专家承担着治疗由动物造成的最严重伤害的负担。这些事件大多是由已知的狗引起的，虽然已经提出了品种是可控因素，但尚未得到证实。作者总结了美国有关狗咬伤的同行评议文献，特别是与涉及的品种有关的文献。
对所有在美国报告的涉及狗咬伤的同行评议出版物进行了系统评价。通过 MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、Google Scholar 和 Cochrane Library 搜索，检索了截至 2018 年 5 月 8 日在美国发表的涉及特定犬种的研究。
41 篇文章符合纳入标准，其中大多数是单机构回顾性研究。主要结果是在同行评议文献中报告的任何犬咬伤，其中涉及特定品种。次要措施包括在颁布了特定品种立法的地区报告的犬咬伤。确定的最常见的纯种是德国牧羊犬，其次是比特犬（即美国斯塔福郡梗、美国比特斗牛梗、斯塔福郡梗、美国恶霸犬）、拉布拉多犬、牧羊犬和罗威纳犬。比特犬和德国牧羊犬品种在美国不同人群中一直被认为是造成最严重咬伤患者的最常见品种，这种情况在多个十年中一直存在。
作者的结果表明，德国牧羊犬和比特犬品种是在医学文献中涉及的严重狗咬伤的人类中涉及的最大纯品种子集。还讨论了在提到品种与人类伤害的关系时的作用和复杂性。
