Humoud Madihah Saud, Roy Sagar, Mitra Somenath
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
Membranes (Basel). 2020 Oct 31;10(11):325. doi: 10.3390/membranes10110325.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising desalination technology for the treatment of high salinity water. Here, we investigated the fouling characteristics of produced water obtained from hydraulic fracturing by implementing a carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) via direct contact membrane distillation. The CNIM exhibited enhanced water vapor flux and antifouling characteristics compared to the pristine membrane. The normalized flux decline with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane after 7 h of operation was found to be 18.2% more than the CNIM. The addition of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic acid (HEDP) antiscalant was found to be effective in reducing the membrane fouling. The salt deposition on the membrane surface was 77% less in the CNIM, which was further reduced with the addition of HEDP in the feed by up to 135.4% in comparison with the PTFE membrane. The presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the membrane surface also facilitated the regenerability of the membrane. The results indicated that the CNIM regained 90.9% of its initial water flux after washing, whereas the unmodified PTFE only regained 81.1% of its initial flux after five days of operation.
膜蒸馏（MD）是一种用于处理高盐水的很有前景的脱盐技术。在此，我们通过直接接触膜蒸馏，采用碳纳米管固定化膜（CNIM）研究了水力压裂产出水的污染特性。与原始膜相比，CNIM表现出更高的水蒸气通量和抗污染特性。运行7小时后，发现聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜的归一化通量下降比CNIM多18.2%。发现添加1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸（HEDP）阻垢剂对减少膜污染有效。CNIM中膜表面的盐沉积减少了77%，与PTFE膜相比，通过在进料中添加HEDP，盐沉积进一步减少了高达135.4%。膜表面碳纳米管（CNTs）的存在也促进了膜的可再生性。结果表明，CNIM在清洗后恢复了其初始水通量的90.9%，而未改性的PTFE在运行五天后仅恢复了其初始通量的81.1%。
