Radiographic assessment of carpal conformation in the horse: Technique development and validation of the consistency of measurements.

Carpal conformation is often considered as a contributory factor to performance and lameness in the horse; however, few attempts have been made to objectively measure radiographic variations of carpal conformation in horses due to insufficient measurable carpal parameters. This pilot study used carpal radiographic images acquired from 10 cadaveric equine forelimbs transected at the antebrachial midshaft from 7 adult horses (7.2 ± 2.6 years), positioned at 'zero lateromedial' (ZLM) and 'zero dorsopalmar' (ZDP) views, to investigate the anatomy of the equine carpus and develop parameters that could be objectively used to assess carpal conformation in horses. Dorsal carpal angle (DCA: 176.61 ± 0.66º), distal radial slope carpal angle (DRSCA: 145.59 ± 2.19º), intermediate carpal bone proximal tuberosity-radial angle (CiPxTRA: 115.69 ± 3.15º) and third carpal bone palmar facet angle (C3PalFCA: 84.43 ± 1.13º) were all developed from the ZLM view while medial carpal angle (MCA: 183.34 ± 1.02º), disto-dorsal slope angle of the third carpal bone (C3DDSA: 8.27 ± 0.92º) and width ratio of distal radius to proximal metacarpus (WDR:WPM = 1.13±0.03) were 3 of the 10 parameters developed from the ZDP view. Easy to identify and measurable parameters will help to provide quantitative assessment of carpal conformation in the horse with potential of eliminating subjective observational variation errors between clinicians. These newly developed parameters will be useful in further studies to measure variations in the conformation of the equine carpus in live horses and comparison between subjective visual assessment and objective radiographic evaluation methods.