Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA); Universidad de Magallanes, 01855 Punta Arenas, Chile.
Cells. 2020 Nov 3;9(11):2402. doi: 10.3390/cells9112402.
Cells comprise several intracellular membrane compartments that allow them to function properly. One of these functions is cargo movement, typically proteins and membranes within cells. These cargoes ride microtubules through vesicles from Golgi and recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane in order to be delivered and exocytosed. In neurons, synaptic functions employ this cargo trafficking to maintain inter-neuronal communication optimally. One of the complexes that oversee vesicle trafficking and tethering is the exocyst. The exocyst is a protein complex containing eight subunits first identified in yeast and then characterized in multicellular organisms. This complex is related to several cellular processes, including cellular growth, division, migration, and morphogenesis, among others. It has been associated with glutamatergic receptor trafficking and tethering into the synapse, providing the molecular machinery to deliver receptor-containing vesicles into the plasma membrane in a constitutive manner. In this review, we discuss the evidence so far published regarding receptor trafficking and the exocyst complex in both basal and stimulated levels, comparing constitutive trafficking and long-term potentiation-related trafficking.
细胞包含几个细胞内膜隔室，使它们能够正常运作。其中一个功能是货物运动，通常是细胞内的蛋白质和膜。这些货物通过小泡在高尔基体内和再循环内体上沿着微管移动，以便被递送到质膜并出胞。在神经元中，突触功能利用这种货物运输来最佳地维持神经元间的通讯。监督小泡运输和连接的复合物之一是外泌体。外泌体是一种含有八个亚基的蛋白质复合物，最初在酵母中被发现，然后在多细胞生物中被表征。该复合物与包括细胞生长、分裂、迁移和形态发生等多种细胞过程有关。它与谷氨酸能受体的运输和突触内的连接有关，为以组成型方式将含有受体的小泡递送到质膜提供了分子机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了迄今为止在基础和刺激水平上发表的关于受体运输和外泌体复合物的证据，比较了组成型运输和与长时程增强相关的运输。
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