Melo Marcos AntÔnio, Silva Marco AurÉlio G DA, Piratelli Augusto JoÃo
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação da Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/UFSCar, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Save Brasil - Sociedade para a Conservação das Aves do Brasil, Rua Fernão Dias, 219, 05427-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020 Nov 6;92(suppl 2):e20191241. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191241. eCollection 2020.
Ecological restoration is a traditional option for recovering biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Birds perform pollination, seed dispersal, and pest-control services, which catalyze increases in habitat structure. Habitat complexity changes bird composition, but there is little evidence of its effects on bird functional diversity in Neotropical restorations. We tested whether bird functional diversity and composition respond to increased habitat complexity. Point-counts were performed (January-December 2015) in an area undergoing restoration (536 ha) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, in restorations with less and more structured vegetation and pastures and forest-fragments. The functional bird traits considered were diet, habitat, biomass, environmental sensitivity, and foraging strata. Increased habitat complexity was evaluated using plant characteristics (exotic grass, canopy, herbaceous cover, and diameter at breast height). A total of 172 bird species (5% endemic; 12% migratory) were recorded. Increased vegetation structure in both restored sites and forest-fragments drove a reorganization and addition of functional bird traits, which positively influenced functional richness, dispersion, and evenness. Shifts in plant-characteristics rearranged bird functional traits (diet-forest-dependence and diet-strata-foraging). The rapid development of vegetation structure is a key factor for restoration because it provides additional habitat for semi-dependent forest birds and enhances resilience and sustainability in new man-made forests.
生态恢复是恢复生物多样性和生态系统功能的传统选择。鸟类提供授粉、种子传播和害虫控制服务,这些服务促进了栖息地结构的增加。栖息地复杂性改变鸟类组成,但在新热带地区的恢复中,几乎没有证据表明其对鸟类功能多样性有影响。我们测试了鸟类功能多样性和组成是否对栖息地复杂性增加做出反应。2015年1月至12月,在巴西东南部大西洋森林中一个正在恢复的区域(536公顷)进行了定点计数,该区域包括植被结构较少和较多的恢复地、牧场和森林片段。所考虑的鸟类功能特征包括饮食、栖息地、生物量、环境敏感性和觅食层次。利用植物特征(外来草、树冠层、草本覆盖和胸径)评估栖息地复杂性的增加。总共记录了172种鸟类(5%为特有种;12%为候鸟)。恢复地和森林片段中植被结构的增加推动了鸟类功能特征的重新组织和增加,这对功能丰富度、离散度和均匀度产生了积极影响。植物特征的变化重新排列了鸟类的功能特征(饮食-对森林的依赖和饮食-层次-觅食)。植被结构的快速发展是恢复的关键因素,因为它为半依赖森林的鸟类提供了额外的栖息地,并增强了新人工林中的恢复力和可持续性。