Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, Italia, 70124, Bari, Italy.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jan;133:111006. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111006. Epub 2020 Nov 14.
The crosstalk between Notch and MAPK pathway plays a role in MEK inhibitor resistance in BRAF metastatic melanoma (MM) and promotes migration in GNAQ uveal melanoma (UM) cells. We determined the cytotoxicity of combinatorial inhibition of MEK and Notch by cobimetinib and γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) nirogacestat, in BRAF and BRAF wt MM and GNAQ UM cells displaying different Erk1/2 and Notch activation status, with the aim to elucidate the impact of Notch signaling in the response to MEK inhibitor. Overall the combination was synergic in BRAF MM and GNAQ UM cells and antagonistic in BRAF wt one. Focusing on UM cells, we found that cobimetinib resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis induction, whereas the combination with GSI increased treatment efficacy by inducing a senescent-like state of cells and by blocking migration towards liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, this was reflected in a strong reduction of cyclin D1, in the inactivation of retinoblastoma protein and in the increase of p27 expression levels. Of note, each drug alone prevented Notch signaling activation resulting in inhibition of c-jun(Ser63) and Hes-1 expression. The combination achieved the strongest inhibition on Notch signaling and on both c-jun(Ser63) and Erk1/2 activation level. In conclusion we unveiled a coordinate action of MAPK and Notch signaling in promoting proliferation of BRAF MM and GNAQ UM cells. Remarkably, the simultaneous inhibition of MEK and Notch signaling highlighted a role for the second pathway in protecting cells against senescence in GNAQ UM cells treated with the MEK inhibitor.
Notch 和 MAPK 通路的串扰在 BRAF 转移性黑色素瘤 (MM) 中的 MEK 抑制剂耐药中起作用,并促进 GNAQ 葡萄膜黑色素瘤 (UM) 细胞的迁移。我们确定了 MEK 和 Notch 联合抑制 (cobimetinib 和 γ-分泌酶抑制剂 (GSI) nirogacestat) 对 BRAF 和 BRAF wt MM 和显示不同 Erk1/2 和 Notch 激活状态的 GNAQ UM 细胞的细胞毒性,目的是阐明 Notch 信号在对 MEK 抑制剂的反应中的作用。总体而言,该组合在 BRAF MM 和 GNAQ UM 细胞中具有协同作用,而在 BRAF wt 中具有拮抗作用。聚焦于 UM 细胞,我们发现 cobimetinib 导致 G0/G1 期停滞和细胞凋亡诱导,而与 GSI 的组合通过诱导细胞衰老样状态和阻断向肝癌细胞的迁移来增加治疗效果。从机制上讲,这反映在细胞周期蛋白 D1 的强烈减少、视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白的失活以及 p27 表达水平的增加。值得注意的是,每种药物单独使用均可阻止 Notch 信号激活,从而抑制 c-jun(Ser63)和 Hes-1 的表达。该组合对 Notch 信号和 c-jun(Ser63)和 Erk1/2 激活水平均实现了最强的抑制。总之,我们揭示了 MAPK 和 Notch 信号在促进 BRAF MM 和 GNAQ UM 细胞增殖中的协同作用。值得注意的是,MEK 和 Notch 信号的同时抑制突出了第二通路在保护 GNAQ UM 细胞免受 MEK 抑制剂诱导的衰老方面的作用。
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