Khan Muhammad Zahoor, Khan Adnan, Xiao Jianxin, Ma Yulin, Ma Jiaying, Gao Jian, Cao Zhijun
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):2107. doi: 10.3390/ani10112107.
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a sequence of communications between proteins in a cell, and it is associated with various processes such as cell division, apoptosis, mammary gland development, lactation, anti-inflammation, and immunity. The pathway is involved in transferring information from receptors on the cell surface to the cell nucleus, resulting in the regulation of genes through transcription. The Janus kinase 2 (), signal transducer and activator of transcription A and B (STAT5 A & B), STAT1, and cytokine signaling suppressor 3 () are the key members of the JAK-STAT pathway. Interestingly, prolactin (Prl) also uses the JAK-STAT pathway to regulate milk production traits in dairy cattle. The activation of and genes has a critical role in milk production and mastitis resistance. The upregulation of in bovine mammary epithelial cells inhibits the activation of and genes, which promotes mastitis development and reduces the lactational performance of dairy cattle. In the current review, we highlight the recent development in the knowledge of JAK-STAT, which will enhance our ability to devise therapeutic strategies for bovine mastitis control. Furthermore, the review also explores the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of milk production in dairy cattle.
细胞因子激活的Janus激酶（JAK）-信号转导子和转录激活子（STAT）途径是细胞内蛋白质之间的一系列通讯过程，它与细胞分裂、凋亡、乳腺发育、泌乳、抗炎和免疫等多种过程相关。该途径参与将信息从细胞表面的受体传递到细胞核，从而通过转录调控基因。Janus激酶2（JAK2）、信号转导子和转录激活子A和B（STAT5 A&B）、STAT1以及细胞因子信号抑制因子3（SOCS3）是JAK-STAT途径的关键成员。有趣的是，催乳素（Prl）也利用JAK-STAT途径来调节奶牛的产奶性状。JAK2和STAT5基因的激活在产奶和抗乳腺炎方面起着关键作用。牛乳腺上皮细胞中SOCS3的上调会抑制JAK2和STAT5基因的激活，从而促进乳腺炎的发展并降低奶牛的泌乳性能。在本综述中我们重点介绍了JAK-STAT知识的最新进展，这将增强我们制定控制牛乳腺炎治疗策略的能力。此外，本综述还探讨了JAK-STAT途径在调节奶牛产奶中的作用。
