Sastraprawira Shantika Maylana, Abd Razak Iqbal Harith, Shahimi Salwa, Pati Siddhartha, Edinur Hisham Atan, John Akbar Bavajohn, Ahmad Amirrudin, Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya, Martin Melissa Beata, Chong Ju Lian, Chowdhury Ahmed Jalal Khan, Nelson Bryan Raveen
Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Faculty of Marine and Environmnetal Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2020 Nov 4;6(11):e05370. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05370. eCollection 2020 Nov.
Peacock bass ( spp.) originates from the Neotropical environments of Brazil and Venezuela but, through trade and smuggling for aquarium keeping, sport fishing and aquaculture, it is now an emerging concern. Yet, less is known for spp. distribution and its ability to invade new environments. Aimed to communicate on spp. ecology, biology and introduction schemes from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and also National Centre for Biotechnology Information, this review also contains management strategies for invading fish species. While spp. can displace native fish populations, this concern is explained using ecological functions, physiological demands, direct and secondary invasion, disease tolerance and parasite spillover. Briefly, spp. has rapid embryogenesis (72 h) and matures in short periods (11-12 months), giving it an advantage to colonize new environments. With a large appetite, this true piscivore gains territorial control over water bodies by making it their feeding and nursery grounds. Perceived as an emerging concern after becoming introduced, seal-off or sport fishing were used to manage spp. but, this practice is not sustainable for the entire ecosystem. Hence, we recommend bottom-up management that involves community participation because they interact with the fish and have knowledge about their environment.
孔雀鲈（属）原产于巴西和委内瑞拉的新热带环境，但由于用于水族饲养、游钓和水产养殖的贸易及走私活动，它如今已成为一个新的问题。然而，对于孔雀鲈的分布及其入侵新环境的能力，人们了解得还较少。旨在通过Scopus、科学网、谷歌学术以及美国国立生物技术信息中心交流孔雀鲈的生态学、生物学和引入情况，本综述还包含针对入侵鱼类物种的管理策略。虽然孔雀鲈会取代本地鱼类种群，但这一问题可从生态功能、生理需求、直接和间接入侵、疾病耐受性以及寄生虫传播等方面来解释。简而言之，孔雀鲈胚胎发育迅速（72小时）且成熟期短（11至12个月），这使其在新环境中具有定殖优势。作为真正的肉食性鱼类，它食量很大，通过将水体作为其觅食和育幼场所来获得对水体的领地控制。引入后被视为一个新问题，人们采用封锁或游钓来管理孔雀鲈，但这种做法对整个生态系统而言是不可持续的。因此，我们建议采用自下而上的管理方式，即让社区参与，因为他们与鱼类有互动且了解自身所处环境。
