胸部出口的解剖与胚胎学。
Anatomy and Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet.
机构信息
Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB-425, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Founders 7, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
出版信息
Thorac Surg Clin. 2021 Feb;31(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007.
The thoracic outlet is the space between the thorax and axilla through which the subclavian vein, subclavian artery, and brachial plexus travel from their central origins to their peripheral termini. Its bounds include the clavicle, first thoracic rib, insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle onto the coracoid process of the humerus, and the sternum. It contains three areas: the scalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the subcoracoid or pectoralis minor space. Aberrant anatomy is common in the thoracic outlet and may predispose patients to compression of the neurovascular bundle and development of clinical thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Much of this aberrancy is explained by the embryologic origins of the structures that comprise the thoracic outlet. A thorough understanding of this anatomy and embryology is therefore critical to the understanding of TOS.
胸廓出口是指胸腔和腋窝之间的空间，锁骨下静脉、锁骨下动脉和臂丛神经从它们的中心起源处穿过这个空间，到达它们的周围终端。其边界包括锁骨、第一肋骨、胸小肌在肱骨喙突上的附着点以及胸骨。它包含三个区域：斜角肌三角、肋锁间隙和喙突下或胸小肌间隙。胸廓出口的异常解剖结构很常见，可能使患者容易受到神经血管束的压迫，并发展为临床胸廓出口综合征（TOS）。这种异常的大部分可以通过构成胸廓出口的结构的胚胎起源来解释。因此，对这种解剖结构和胚胎学的透彻理解对于理解 TOS 至关重要。
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